FRACTIONS
What is a Fraction?
A fraction is a part of a
whole. It does not indicate
how large the whole is, it is
expressed as , where b ≠ 0.
2
Parts of a Fraction
The numerator, a, is the part being
considered.
The denominator , b, tells the total
number of equal parts or the total
number of elements or members of
the set.
3
So, if John gets a
score of 9 in a 10- A fraction also
item test, it means denotes division.
that he answered Hence, in the
of the test correctly fraction , a is the
and missed of it. dividend, while b is
the divisor
4
Kinds of Fraction
Proper Improper Mixed Unit
A fraction is When the A whole number Fractions
proper if its value of a and a proper Fractions
value is less fraction is fraction whose
indicating a numerators
than 1. greater than
whole number
or equal to 1. are 1.
plus a part of a
whole.
Example: Example: Example:
Example:
,
5
“
Converting Mixed
numbers into Improper
fractions and Vice Versa
6
To convert a mixed number into an improper fraction,
multiply the whole number and the denominator and add
the numerator of the fraction, place the new number over
the original denominator.
Example:
Convert to an improper fraction.
To convert a mixed number into an
improper fraction,
Whole number x Denominator + Numerator
Denominator
7
Use charts to explain your ideas
To express an improper fraction as a mixed number, divide
the numerator by the denominator. The quotient
becomes the whole number, the remainder is the
numerator, and the divisor is the denominator.
Example:
Express as a mixed fraction.
So the mixed number form of is
8
Similar and Dissimilar Fractions
Two or more fractions with the same
denominators are called similar fractions,
otherwise, they are called dissimilar fractions.
Which fractions in the set are similar?
Dissimilar?
9
“
Simplifying
Fractions
10
A Fraction is in simplest form if the numerator and denominator are
relatively prime-that is-the greatest common factor of the
numerator and denominator is 1.
Example:
Simplify
Divide both numerator and
denominator by their GCF which
is 4.
Building a fraction to a higher denominator is required when adding
dissimilar fractions. To build a fraction to a higher denominator,
multiply both numerator and denominator by the same factor. This
gives an equivalent fraction which can be reduced to yield the
original fraction.
11
“
Equivalent
Fractions
12
When two fractions represents the same part of a whole they are
called equivalent fractions. It means that their cross products are
equal or their lowest terms are the same.
Are equivalent fractions?
Yes, since in simplest form is also
13
Another way to tell if two fractions are equivalent is by using the
cross products method. Since the cross products of are equal,
then they are equivalent fractions.
14
“
Addition and
Subtraction of
Fractions
15
When all of the denominators are the same,
numerators can be added or subtracted and
placed over the same denominator.
Example:
Find the sum of
16
To add and subtract fractions with different denominators, find
the least common denominator of all of the fractions, then
express each as a fraction whose denominator is the least
common denominator.
Example:
To add or subtract dissimilar fractions:
1. Find the least common
denominator
2. Rename each dissimilar fraction to
its equivalent fraction using the
LCD
3. Add or subtract the numerator and
write over the denominator.
4. Simplify the resulting fraction if
possible.
17
“
Multiplication of
Fractions
18
When multiplying fractions, simply multiply the
numerators to get the numerator of the product
and multiply the denominators to get the
denominator of the product. Simplify if
necessary.
19
To make multiplication easier, you can simplify the
fraction before multiplying.
1 2
4 and 12 are each divided by their GCF , 4, to get ;
6
1 3 And 3 are divided by 3 to get
The numerator is 1 x 2 = 2 while the denominator
is
1 x 3 = 3.
20
To multiply a fraction by a whole number, we
multiply the numerator by the whole number and
write the denominator as it is, Always, reduce
the answer to lowest terms or mixed numbers.
Example:
The whole number 2 may also be expressed as a
fraction since is equal to 2
21
To multiply a whole number by a mixed number,
express the mixed number as an improper
fraction, then multiply the numerator of the
improper fraction and the whole number and
place the product over the denominator. Express
the final answer in simplest form or as a mixed
number.
Example:
22
To multiply a fraction and a mixed number, first
express the mixed number as an improper
fraction. Multiply both the numerators and both
the denominators. Express the product in
simplest form if necessary.
Example:
23
To multiply mixed number, express the mixed
number as improper fraction then multiply.
Simplify the answer.
Example:
24
“
Division of
Fractions
25
To divide fractions or mixed numbers, multiply the
dividend by the multiplicative inverse or
reciprocal of the divisor.
Example:
The two numbers are said to be
reciprocals if their product is 1.
26
Writing a Fraction as Decimal
A Fraction can be thought as a divided by b. It can
be written as a decimal by using long division to
divide a by b. If the division stops because a
remainder is zero, then the decimal form of the
number is a terminating decimal.
If the long division process does not terminate,
then it leads to a digit or group of digits that
repeats over and over. In this case, the decimal
form of the number is a repeating decimal.
27
Example: To write a fraction as a
decimal, divide the numerator
Write each fraction as a decimal: a. b. by the denominator.
a. a. , a terminating decimal.
b. b. , a repeating decimal. Write a repeating decimal with a
bar over the digits that repeat:
28
Thank you
