Wellhead & X-mas Tree
Overview of Equipment
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Tubing head and X-mas tree
Tubing head
– Surface equipment from which the tubing is suspended
Xmas tree or valve array
– Used to control well during production
– Mounted above wellhead
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Tubing Hanger/Xmas Tree Interface
Tubing hanger extends inside
base of Xmas tree
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Tubinghead Functions
Primary functions of tubinghead
Suspend tubing with hanger
Provide a hydraulic seal between tubing and annulus
Provide access port(s) to annulus
Provide mounting for Xmas tree
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Xmas Trees
Primary flow control system for well once in production
Features and access requirements
– Outflow from well - production
– Inflow to well - injection or killing
– Vertical access to tubing - wireline, etc.
– Access for electrical cables or hydraulic conduits
• e.g. ESP or safety valve
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Tubing Head & X-Mas Tree
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Xmas Tree Components
Pressure gauges
– allow well pressures to be monitored
Gauge flange or tree cap
– provides seal for top of tree
Swab valve (lubricator valve)
– isolate pressure, well access for intervention tools
Flow tee
– used to direct flow, enable thru-tubing access
Production wing valve
– used to isolate well for most routine operations
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Xmas Tree Components
Kill wing valve
– enables connection of pumping equipment
Choke
– controls rate of flow from well
Master valves (main isolation valves)
– Upper Master Valve (operational valve)
– hydraulically controlled Surface Safety Valve
– Lower Master Valve (back-up valve)
– manually operated
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SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS
FLOWLINE
ANNULUS LINE
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SUMMARY OF ELECTRIC AND SLICKLINE JOBS
WIRELINE UPPER SHEAVE
SHIFTING TOOL TO
HYDRAULIC OPEN/CLOSE SLIDING SLEEVES (S)
PACKOFF
GREASE TUBE AMERADA BOMB/THERMOMETER
LUBRICATOR FOR PRESSURE/TEMP. PROFILES,
MULTIRATE TESTS, PRESSURE BUILD UP
CABLE
TESTS (S)
THRU TUBING PERFORATING GUN (E)
PRODUCTION LOGGING TOOLS (E)
SETTING PLUGS, SAFETY VALES, GASLIFT
VALVES, (S)
TOOL
FLUID SAMPLER (S)
WIRELINE BOP
SAND BAILER (S)
PULLING TOOLS (S)
IMPRESSION BLOCK (S)
FLOWLINE
SCRAPERS (S)
TUBING CALIPER (S)
FISHING TOOLS (S)
ANNULUS LINE
E: ELETRICAL LINE
S: SLICK LINE
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Spool and Hanger
Thread for plug or check valve
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Hangers for Dual Completion
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Well cluster in shallow water
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Categories of Xmas Tree
Flanged tree
– Several flanged components (leak paths)
– Much more common than monoblock design
– More flexible than monoblock design
– takes up more space (height)
Monoblock construction tree
– Single block construction
– Fewer possible leak paths
– Used in high pressure/leak sensitive locations
– More expensive than flanged tree
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Flanged Xmas Tree
Tree cap and gauge
Kill valve or service
valve with blank plate Swab valve
during normal service
Choke
Upper master valve
(operational valve) Production
wing valve
Lower master valve
(back-up)
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Monoblock Xmas Tree
Comprises inline or "Y" shaped block of single
casting/forging
Valving arrangement
– Lower Master Valve (manual)
– Upper Master Valve (Surface Safety Valve)
– Y piece or side outlet flanges
• houses both production and kill wing valves
– Uppermost valve (manual swab valve)
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Monoblock Xmas Tree
Tree cap and gauge
Swab valve
Kill wing valve Production wing valve
Upper Master Valve
Lower Master Valve
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Well in Cellar
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Tree hook-up
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Multiple Completions
Cases where more than one completion string installed
Each string independently suspended
Must seal off tubing casing annulus
– either independently or collectively
Independent control of fluid flow in each string
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Multiple Completion Tree
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Tree-Saver
To protect X-mas tree against
high pressures during frac jobs etc.
Stroke length
up to 5 ft
Rating
15000 PSI
Connection to x-mas tree
Seal element for
hanger or tubing
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