TAHARAH (PURIFICATION)

BASIC COURSE
 OBJECTIVE
BY THE END OF THIS PRESENTATION,
INSHA’ALLAH, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO KNOW:
 THE DEFINITION OF AT-TAHARAH
 THE TYPES OF WATER

 THE MANNERS OF ANSWERING THE CALL OF

NATURE
 THE NATURE AND CLEANSING OF AN-
NAJASAH (IMPURITIES)
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 ALLAH SWT SAYS

• ‫ِإَّن الَّلـَه ُيِح ُّب الَّتَّواِبيَن َوُيِح ُّب‬

‫َط‬
‫ا ُمَت ِّهِر َن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ْل‬
“INDEED ALLAH LOVES THOSE WHO ARE CONSTANTLY REPENTANT
AND HE LOVES THOSE
WHO PURIFY THEMSELVES.”
 HADITH

•‫الَّطُهوُر َش ْطُر اإْل يَمان‬

• “PURIFICATION IS A PART OF FAITH.”
(MUSLIM)
Prophet Muhammed (s):
 DEFINITION OF AT-TAHARAH
AT-TAHARAH MEANS:
 CLEANLINESS AND PURITY
 AS A TECHNICAL TERM, AT-TAHARAH MEANS THE REMOVAL
OF AL-HADATH AND AN-NAJASAH (PHYSICAL IMPURITY)

AL-HADATH MEANS: THE ACTS THAT NULLIFY ONE’S STATE OF

PURITY, AND IT IS DIVIDED INTO:
 MAJOR HADATH, WHICH REQUIRES GHUSL (COMPLETE
ABLUTION) LIKE MENSTRUATION
 MINOR HADATH, WHICH REQUIRES WUDHU (ABLUTION) LIKE
URINATING, DEFECATING, PASSING WIND, SLEEPING,
EATING CAMEL MEAT 6
• NAJASAH ARE THINGS THAT ARE REGARDED AS FILTHY BY THE SHARIA. THESE MUST BE WASHED
OFF CLOTHES, BODY, E.T.C BEFORE A PERSON CAN PERFORM THE PRAYERS (SALAAT).
• NAJIS THINGS ARE:

(1) URINE
(2) FAECES
(3) BLOOD (IN LARGE AMOUNTS)
LIKEWISE, THE FLOWING BLOOD FROM AN ANIMAL THAT IS EATEN IS CLASSIFIED AS NAJIS, BUT
THE BLOOD THAT REMAINS IN THE FLLESH AND VEINS (OF THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL) IS CLEAN
(4) FAECES OF ANY ANIMAL THAT IS NOT PERMITTED TO BE EATEN
(5) ALL PREDATORY ANIMALS ARE NAJIS
(6) ALL DEAD (CARCASSES) ARE NAJIS, EXCEPT FOR A HUMAN CORPSE.
THE DEAD OF THOSE WHO DO NOT HAVE A FLOWING MEDIUM (BLOOD-SUCH AS SOME INSECTS),
DEAD FISH AND LOCUSTS ARE TAHIR AND NOT NAJIS
 TYPES OF TAHARA

TAHARA IS OF TWO TYPES:

• BY WATER
IT IS THE BASIS FOR TAHARA
• BY SAND
IT IS THE SUBSTITUTE WHEN WATER IS NOT AVAILABLE
 KINDS OF PURITY
PURITY IS OF TWO TYPES:

• PURITY FROM THOSE THINGS, WHICH BREAK RITUAL

PURITY, (URINATING ETC)
• PURITY FROM FILTH (BLOOD, DUNG ETC)
• ONLY PURE AND PURIFYING WATER CAN REMOVE
IMPURITIES.
• AND THIS IS WATER WHICH HAS RETAINED ITS ORIGINAL
COLOR, SMELL AND TASTE.
CATEGORIES OF WATER

The majority of the scholars

divided water into three categories

The Tahoor The Tahir The Najis

water water (impure) water

‫الماُء‬ ‫الماُء‬ ‫الماُء‬

‫الَّطُه ور‬ ‫الَّطاِه ر‬ ‫الَّنجس‬
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THE TAHOOR WATER
 REFERS TO WATER THAT RETAINS ITS NATURAL
CHARACTERISTICS (RAIN WATER, SEA WATER,
RIVER WATER, WELL WATER, ETC.)
 THIS WATER CAN BE USED TO REMOVE THE STATE
OF IMPURITY OR TO REMOVE ANY IMPURITIES
THAT ARE PRESENT IN A PURE PLACE

THE TAHIR WATER

 REFERS TO WATER WHICH HAS HAD ONE OR
MORE OF ITS COLOR, TASTE OR SMELL CHANGED
BY A PURE SUBSTANCE (MILK, ORANGE JUICE,
SALT, ETC.)
 THIS WATER CANNOT BE USED AS A MEANS OF
PURIFICATION, BUT IT CAN BE USED FOR
DRINKING, COOKING, ETC. 11
THE NAJIS (IMPURE) WATER
 REFERS TO WATER THAT HAS HAD ONE OF ITS COLOR,
TASTE OR SMELL ALTERED BY IMPURE SUBSTANCES (URINE,
BLOOD, ETC.)
 HOWEVER, IF THE COLOR, TASTE OR SMELL OF WATER DOES
NOT CHANGE, THEN IT CAN BE USED FOR AT-TAHARAH
 IF IT DOES CHANGE, IT CANNOT BE USED FOR AT-TAHARAH

Substance added Water Use for Taharah?

Pure No change in color, taste, or smell Yes
Pure Change in color, taste, or smell No
Impure No change in color, taste, or smell Yes
Impure Change in color, taste, or smell No

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 CONTAINERS AND VESSELS

• VESSELS USED FOR EATING, DRINKING, PURIFYING AND CLEANING ONESELF

CAN BE MADE FROM IRON, COPPER, WOOD, SKIN OR ANY OTHER PERMITTED
PURE MATERIAL
• BUT USING OF GOLD AND SILVER VESSELS IS PROHIBITED AS MENTIONED IN
THE FOLLOWING SAHEEH HADITH:-
THE MESSENGER (SAW)SAID: “DO NOT DRINK FROM GOLD & SILVER
VESSELS NOR EAT FROM GOLD & SILVER PLATES, FOR THEY ARE FOR THEM
(THE DISBELIEVERS) IN THIS WORLD & FOR YOU IN THE HEREAFTER.”
(BUKHARI & MUSLIM)
 QUIZ!
THERE IS NO SOURCE OF WATER AROUND, EXCEPT
FOR TWO WATER CONTAINERS. ONE CONTAINS
TAHOOR WATER AND THE OTHER CONTAINS NAJIS
WATER. YOU ARE UNABLE TO DISTINGUISH
BETWEEN THEM, AND YOU NEED TO MAKE WUDHU.

What should you do?

14
 THE ANSWER…
YOU SHOULD AVOID USING
BOTH OF THEM AND RESORT
TO TAYAMMUM

15
 QUESTIONS ……ENJOY!!

1. WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF AT-TAHARA?

2. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF RITUAL IMPURITY (AL HADATH)? GIVE SOME EXAMPLES FOR
EACH TYPE.
3. WHAT ARE THE CATEGORIES OF WATER WITH DEFINITIONS AND EXAMPLES OF EACH?
4. WHY ARE GOLD AND SILVER VESSELS PROHIBITED? MENTION A PROOF.
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IS TRUE AND WHICH ARE FALSE:
(A) IMPURE WATER IS THE WATER WHOSE COLOUR, TASTE AND SMELL HAS CHANGED
(B) PURIFICATION IS A PART OF FAITH
 TYPES OF NAJASAA

• URINE
• FECES OF HUMANS˛
• BLOOD (BUT A SMALL AMOUNT OF BLOOD IS PARDONED. LIKEWISE˛
THE FLOWING-BLOOD (AD-DAM AL-MASFUH) FROM AN ANIMAL THAT
IS EATEN IS CLASSIFIED AS NAJIS BUT THE BLOOD THAT REMAINS
IN THE FLESH AND VEINS (OF THE SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL) IS TAHIR
(CLEAN).
 • URINE AND FECES OF ANY ANIMAL THAT IS
NOT PERMITTED TO BE EATEN
• ALL PREDATORY ANIMALS ARE NAJIS
• ALL DEAD (CARCASSES) ARE NAJIS EXCEPT FOR
A HUMAN CORPSE.
 WHAT IS NOT NAJIS

DEAD THINGS WHICH HAVE NO FLOWING BLOOD:

NARRATED ABU HURAIRA (R) THAT ALLAH’S MESSENGER (PBUH) SAID: “ IF
A FLY LANDS IN A VESSEL BELONGING TO ONE OF YOU, HE SHOULD
SUBMERGE IT COMPLETELY, THEN REMOVE IT, FOR VERILY, IN ONE OF ITS
WINGS IS A POISON AND IN THE OTHER IS A CURE” (BUKHARI/IBN MAJAH)
 HOW TO REMOVE NAJASA

1. CLEANSING THE SKIN OF DEAD ANIMALS BY TANNING.

2. CLEANSING VESSELS WHICH HAVE BEEN LICKED BY A DOG. THEY SHOULD
BE WASHED SEVEN TIMES, THE FIRST ONE WITH DUST.
NARRATED ABU HURAIRA (R) THAT ALLAH’S MESSENGER
(PBUH) SAID: “IF A DOG LICKS THE DISH OF ONE OF YOU,
HE SHOULD WASH IT SEVEN TIMES, THE FIRST TIME WITH
CLEAN SOIL” (MUSLIM)
3. CLEANSING A GARMENT IF BLOOD IS SPILT ON IT.
“SHE SHOULD SCRAPE IT, THEN SCRUB IT WITH WATER, THEN SPRINKLE IT,
THEN SHE MAY PRAY IN IT” (BUKHARI/MUSLIM)
4. CLEANSING A GARMENT OF THE URINE OF A BREASTFED INFANT.
NARRATED ABU AS-SAMH, THE SERVANT OF THE PROPHET (PBUH), THAT
ALLAH’S MESSENGER (PBUH) SAID: “ THE GARMENT SHOULD BE WASHED
IF FROM A GIRL’S URINE AND SPRINKLED IF FROM A BOY’S URINE” (ABU
DAWOOD/NASAA’I)
5. CLEANSING THE EARTH:
NARRATED ABU HURAIRA (R) THAT A BEDOUIN STOOD UP AND URINATED
IN THE MASJID AND THE PEOPLE SEIZED HIM, BUT THE PROPHET (PBUH)
SAID TO THEM: “ LEAVE HIM AND POUR WATER OVER HIS URINE FOR YOU
WERE SENT FORTH TO MAKE THINGS EASY, NOT TO MAKE THINGS
DIFFICULT” (BUKHARI/MUSLIM)
 IF THE NAJASAH IS NOT VISIBLE (E.G, URINE), IT IS
SUFFICIENT TO WASH IT ONE TIME
 NOTE: THE URINE OF A WEANING BOY (NOT A GIRL), WHO DOES NOT
YET EAT SOLID FOODS, NEEDS ONLY TO BE MOISTENED

 IF THERE IS NAJASAH ON THE GROUND, IT IS TO BE

PHYSICALLY REMOVED. IF THE NAJASAH IS LIQUID, IT IS
SUFFICIENT TO POUR WATER OVER IT
 [TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD THE
NAJASAH BE REMOVED?]

• IF THE BODY (I.E. SUBSTANCE AND MATERIAL) OF THE NAJASAH IS REMOVED

THEN IT BECOMES TAHIR (PURE). REMNANTS OF COLOUR OR SMELL (THAT
ARE DIFFICULT TO COMPLETELY REMOVE FROM THE AREA) DO NOT MATTER
AS THE PROPHET (S.A.W) SAID TO KHAULA BINT YASAAR CONCERNING THE
MENSTRUAL BLOOD˛ “WATER IS SUFFICIENT FOR YOU AND ITS TRACE (THAT
IT LEAVES BEHIND) DOES NOT HARM.”
 THE MANNERS OF ANSWERING
THE CALL OF NATURE
 IT IS RECOMMENDED TO ENTER THE BATHROOM BYSAYING:
“ ‫ اللهم إني أعوذ بك من الُخبِث والَخ َبائث‬،‫” بسم الله‬
BISMILLAH, ALLAHUMMA INNI AOUTHU BIKA MIN AL-KHUBTHI WAL KHABAITH
(O ALLAH I SEEK REFUGE WITH YOU FROM THE MALE AND FEMALE DEVILS)
AND THEN HE SHOULD ENTER THE TOILET WITH HIS LEFT FOOT FIRST.
 AND TO EXIT WITH YOUR RIGHT FOOT FIRST AND TO SAY:
“ ‫” ُغفَر انك‬
GHUFRANAK (I SEEK YOUR FORGIVENESS)

 IT IS DISLIKED TO URINATE OR DEFECATE IN THE ROADWAYS, USEFUL

AREAS OF SHADE, UNDER A FRUIT-PRODUCING TREE AND OTHER SIMILAR
LOCATIONS 26
 THE MANNERS OF ANSWERING
THE CALL OF NATURE
 IT IS DISLIKED TO FACE OR HAVE ONE’S BACK
TOWARD THE QIBLA WHILE RELIEVING ONESELF IN
OPEN LANDS. IF ONE IS IN A BUILDING, IT IS
PERMISSIBLE
 IT IS DISLIKED TO TOUCH ONE’S SEXUAL ORGAN
WITH THEIR RIGHT HAND OR CLEAN IT WITH THEIR
RIGHT HAND, WHEN RELIEVING ONESELF

Fiqh us-Sunnah (At-taharah Part 1) 27

THE MANNERS OF ANSWERING
THE CALL OF NATURE
 IT IS DISLIKED TO SPEAK WHILE IN THE
BATHROOM, UNLESS THERE IS A NEED
 IT IS DISLIKED TO ENTER THE BATHROOM WITH
ANYTHING CONTAINING THE NAME OF ALLAH
OR VERSES OF QUR’AN IN A WRITTEN FORM

28
 CLEANING WITH WATER (AL ISTINJAA) &
STONES (AL ISTIJ MAAR

• CLEANING WITH WATER IS THE REMOVAL OF URINE OR EXCREMENT BY USING

PURE CLEAN WATER
• CLEANING WITH STONES IS THE REMOVAL OF ANY TRACE OF URINE OR
EXCREMENT BY USING STONES OR SOMETHING SIMILAR. THIS CAN ONLY BE
DONE IF THE URINE OR EXCREMENT HASN’T SPREAD BEYOND ITS NORMAL
PLACE
IF THE URINE OR EXCREMENT HAS SPREAD BEYOND IT’S NORMAL
PLACE, CLEAN PURE WATER HAS TO BE USED.
 THINGS THAT ARE PERMISSIBLE TO MAKE
AL-ISTIJMAAR

1. CLEAN STONES
2. PAPER WHICH DOES NOT HAVE ANYTHING THAT MUST BE RESPECTED ON IT
3. CLOTH AND EVERYTHING CLEAN AND PERMITTED
IT IS A CONDITION FOR ISTIJMAAR TO BE REPEATED THREE TIMES OR
MORE UNTIL THE PLACE IS CLEAN. IT IS PREFERRED THAT IT IS DONE AN
ODD NUMBER OF TIMES.
 THINGS THAT ARE NOT PERMITTED FOR
MAKING AL-ISTIJMAAR

1. BONES BECAUSE THEY ARE THE FOOD OF THE JINN

2. DUNG BECAUSE IT IS THE FOOD OF JINNS’ RIDING ANIMALS
3. FOOD
4. EVERYTHING THAT’S RESPECTED
 QUESTIONS……ENJOY!!

1. WHAT ARE TYPES OF NAJASA?

2. MENTION ATLEAST THREE MANNERS TO ANSWER THE CALL OF NATURE.
3. MENTION TWO THINGS WITH WHICH IT IS PERMITTED AND FORBIDDEN TO MAKE ISTIJMAAR
WITH.
4. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
(A) IT IS PREFERRED THAT THE _______FOOT ENTERS THE TOILET FIRST AND THAT A PERSON
SAYS “_________________________” WHEN ENTERING AND THAT THE ______________ LEAVES FIRST
AND THAT A PERSON SAYS “______________” WHEN LEAVING THE TOILET FIRST.
(B) IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO FACE ___________ OR HAVE ONE’S BACK TO IT WHEN GOING TO THE
TOILET.
 WUDHU

WUDU IS THE WORSHIP OF ALLAH, THE EXALTED, BY WASHING SPECIFIC PARTS

OF THE BODY IN THE WAY PRESCRIBED BY ALLAH.
PRE-REQUISITES (SHURUUT) OF WUDHU:
1. THE CHILD SHOULD BE AT LEAST SEVEN YEARS OF AGE
2. INTENTION-MADE WITH HEART
3. THE WATER MUST BE CLEAN AND PURE
4. REMOVING SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS DOUGH, COSMETICS, CLAY, OIL, GREASE,
WHICH PREVENTS WATER FROM REACHING SKIN, NAILS OR HAIR
 WHAT IS OBLIGATORY IN WUDHU

IT IS OBLIGATORY TO SAY “‫”بسم الله‬. HOWEVER IT CEASES TO BE OBLIGATORY IF FORGOTTEN BUT

SHOULD BE SAID WHENEVER REMEMBERED.
THE FAROUD (OBLIGATORY ELEMENTS) OF WUDHU:
• INTENTION
• WASHING THE FACE, WHICH INCLUDES MOUTH AND RINSING THE NOSE
• WASHING THE HANDS AND ARMS UP TO THE ELBOWS
• WIPING ALL THE HEAD INCLUDING THE EARS
• WASHING THE FEET UP TO THE ANKLES
• THE CORRECT SEQUENCE
• AL-MUWAALAAT, WHICH MEANS THAT THERE SHOULDN’T BE DELAY IN WASHING ONE PART OF THE
BODY THAT THE PART AFTER IT BECOMES DRY
ISLAMIC PRINCIPLE

CERTAINTY IS NOT
REMOVED BY DOUBT
 THE USING OF SIWAAK

THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH (SAW) SAID: “THE SIWAAK CLEANS THE MOUTH AND IS
PLEASING TO THE LORD.’’ (RELATED BY AN-NISAAEE)
THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SAW) USED THE SIWAAK IN THESE SITUATIONS:
• WHEN THE SMELL OF THE MOUTH CHANGES
• WHEN GETTING UP FROM SLEEP
• WHENEVER WUDHU IS MADE
• BEFORE READING THE QURAN
• WHEN ENTERING ONE’S HOUSE
 TAYYAMUM

• THE REASON FOR NOT BEING POSSIBLE TO USE WATER ON THESE AREAS
MAY BE
• UNAVAILABILITY OF WATER
• FEAR OF HARM FROM ITS USAGE (DUE TO SICKNESS OR OTHER REASONS).
• TAYAMMUM IS PERFORMED BY INTENDING TO REMOVE THE CONDITION OF
THE VARIOUS TYPES OF HADATH.
• THEN THE PERSON SAYS˛ ’BISMILLAH' (IN THE NAME OF ALLAH).
• THEN HE TAPS (THE PALM OF) HIS HAND ON THE SAND ONCE AND WIPES
WITH IT THE WHOLE OF HIS FACE AND THE ENTIRE HANDS (WRIST
OUTWARDS).
 Allah just doesn’t tell us to keep
ourselves clean.
 Allah shows us HOW to go about
doing it.
 QUESTIONS……HAVE FUNN!!

1. WHAT IS WUDHU? MENTION THE PRE-REQUISITES FOR IT.

2. WHAT ARE THE THINGS WHICH BREAK WUDHU?
3. ISLAM IS A RELIGION OF EASE. EXPLAIN THIS SENTENCE AND GIVE AN
EXAMPLE TO SHOW IT.
4. WHAT ARE THE SITUATIONS WHEN TAYAMUM CAN BE USED?
5. WHAT ARE THE THINGS THAT INVALIDATE TAYAMUM?
 WHAT IS NOT PERMISSIBLE
DURING MENSTRUATION

• TO PRAY SALAH OR TO FAST

• TO DO TAWAF (CIRCUMAMBULATION) AROUND THE KA'BA
• TO TOUCH A MUSHAF (COPY WHEREIN THE QURAN IS WRITTEN) EXCEPT BY
WEARING GLOVES OR SIMILAR ITEM.
• TO ENTER PRAYER AREA IN THE MOSQUE.
THINGS THAT NECESSITATE A GHUSL AND A
DESCRIPTION OF GHUSL

• MENSTRUAL BLEEDING (CALLED HAYD IN ARABIC)

• POST-NATAL BLEEDING (AFTER THE DELIVERY OF A BABY - THE BLEEDING IS
CALLED NIFAAS)
• SOMEONE WHO DIED- OTHER THAN A SHAHEED (A MARTYR)
• WHEN A KAFIR BECOMES A MUSLIM.
 HOW TO PERFORM GHUSL

• MAKE INTENTION AND SAY BISMILLAH

• WASH HANDS THREE TIMES
• FIRST WASH PRIVATE PARTS
• MAKE COMPLETE WUDU (ABLUTION)
• THEN POUR WATER ON HEAD THREE TIMES MAKING IT REACH
EVERYWHERE (IN THE HAIR)
• THEN POUR THE WATER MAKING IT FLOW OVER ENTIRE BODY BEGINNING
WITH RIGHT SIDE
 QUESTIONS……GOOD LUCK 

1. MENTION THREE THINGS THAT NECESSITATE GHUSL.

2. DESCRIBE BRIEFLY HOW TO MAKE GHUSL?
3. WHAT THINGS ARE NOT PERMISSIBLE DURING MENSTRUATION?
4. SAY IF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE IS TRUE OR FALSE:
MENSTRUATION IS A MAJOR IMPURITY, HENCE ONLY WUDHU IS SUFFICIENT TO BECOME PURE.
EXTENSION QUESTIONS
5. WHY IS GHUSL NOT PERFORMED FOR A SHAHEED’S (MARTYR)?
6. MENTION TWO OCCASIONS WHERE EVERY ABLE MUSLIM, EVEN A MENSTRUATION WOMAN, HAS
BEEN ORDERED TO WITNESS THESE OCCASIONS.
 Imagine if Islam is so adamant about
physical purity….
 Just how much more guidance it must be
providing about spiritual purity!
 ALHAMDULILLAH

• JAZAKILLAH KHAIR KATHEERAN FOR

ATTENDING THE COURSE
• MAY ALLAH SWT INCREASE OUR
KNOWLEDGE AND COUNT US AMONG
MUTTAQEEN. AMEEN
 e !!
T i m
Fun
TRY THIS!!
ANSWERSS!!
4 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!

2 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
4 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
2 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
2 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
1 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
1 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
1 SQUARES
 SOLVED!!
1 SQUARES
 THEREFORE…….

• 4+2+4+2+2+1+1+1+1= 18
SQUARES!!