Industrial
Organizational
Psychology
Haziq Mehmood (PhD)
Defining Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Organizational and Applied Psychology
Defining organizations
Differentiating between industries and organizational
divisions
Human Relations Movement
Scope of organizational psychology
Dual nature of I/O Psychology (scientist- practitioner
model)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Historical Background early years (1900–1916)
During World War-I and II (1917–1940)
Week 2 After World War-II (1941–1945)
Towards Specialization (1946–1963)
The Modern Era (1964–Present)
Historical Background
early years (1900–1916)
Late 1800s & Early 1900s
Experimental Psychologist
• New Principles of Psychology to problems in
organizations
• Job Performance & organizational efficiency (USA)
• Employee fatigue & health (UK)
• American I/O Psychologist Founder
• Hugo Munsterberg & Walter Dill Scott
Roots based in experimental psychology
Early work on job performance and organizational
efficiency
Hugo Munsterberg (German) --- personnel selection
and use of psychological tests
Walter Dill Scott --- Psychology of advertising
• Fredrick Winslow Taylor (engineer) ---
(1911) employee productivity,
Scientific Management, for handling
production workers in factories, guide
organizational practices
– Job analysis (optimal way of doing
tasks)
– Selection as per employees
Cont… characteristics --- for this existing
employees’ characteristics should
be studied
– Training
– Rewarded for productivity
• Frank and Lillian Gilberth (engineer and psychologist) --- (1915) how people
perform task
– Time and motion study
– Roots for field of human factor --- how best to design technology for people.
– Designing consumer products
Cont…
• World War I --- US military
– Robert Yerkes (1917) led psychologists in offering services
– Army Alpha and Army Beta tests for mental ability
– For recruitment and placement
– Mass-testing then in educational and employment setting like SAT
Cont…
• 1921 Penn State University --- Bruce V. Moore
• Consultants
• Psychological Corporation (Harcourt Assessment; 1921) --- James McKeen
Cattell
• Hawthorne Studies --- Western Electric Company
• World War II
• APA --- 1944 (14 Division Industrial and Business Psychology)
Cont…
Cont…
Arthur Kornhauser --- effect of work condition
on employee’s mental health
• Occupational health psychology
1970 APA changed name as Division of
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
• Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP)
• Civil Rights Act (1964)
• American with Disabilities Act (1990)
1. (How) Do young people experience work, employment and careers differently than the
rest of the working population and/or the previous cohorts of young people? What are the
implications of these differences for: (i) inclusivity at work; (ii) effective management of
human resources; (iii) skills policies for improving employee wellbeing and productivity;
and/or (iv) trust in the organisation and in society?
2. How can employers better develop and utilise young workers’ knowledge, skills and
abilities? Under what conditions do young people thrive at work, e.g., which occupations,
industries, industrial regimes, macroeconomic conditions and so on?
Research Project
3. How can employers assist young workers to develop their
human and social capital, identity and adaptability to enable
their employability?
4. Are traditional WOP theories adequate for explaining young
people’s identity formation, trust, work motivation, attitudes
toward work, employment and careers, and/or work-related
wellbeing? If not, in what ways can we expand/build on existing
theories or introduce new theories?
5. Are there systematic differences (e.g., based on gender, social
background, sexual orientation, migrant youth, refugee youth, life-
cycle/transitional effects) in how young people experience work,
employment and careers? What are the implications of these
differences for: (i) inclusivity at work; (ii) effective management of
human resources; (iii) skills policies for improving employee wellbeing
and productivity; and/or (iv) trust in the organisation and in society?
6. How do new forms of work, including entrepreneurship, in the
digital economy influence young people’s employment relationship
and career development?
7. What is the impact of technology (e.g., digitalised work or social media) on
young people’s experience of work, employment and careers?
8. To what extent does youth underemployment represent stepping stones for
career development? Is there a scarring effect of early underemployment? When
does early underemployment not represent a dead end for career development?
Is this different for young people based on demographics?
http://www.eawop.org/news/eawop-sgm-young-people-s-work-employment-and-
careers-call-for-papers-extended-deadline
https://www.erasmuswop.org/ho
w-students-apply-2020-2022-edi
tion/#
