CONSULTATION

Lesson Objectives:

1.Define Consultation
2.Understand the Stages of the
Consultation Process
3.Analyze the Consultation Models
4.Outline the Qualities of the Consultant
5.Explore the Consultation Applied in
School Setting
Consultation
Is the activity engaged in by the individual when his or
her expertise is requested by another party or
organization, usually to enable the latter to assist
another – a third party or an organization (Gibson &
Mitchell, 1999)

CONSULTANT IS SOMEONE WITH A SPECIAL

EXPERTISE, KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL IN A
SPECIFIC AREA.
Elements of CONSULTANT Expert
Consultatio
n

CONSULTEE The person who

consults

Object of
CLIENT Consultation
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
1. The existing need cannot be adequately handled by
the individual or organization requesting consultation
2. The Consultant has the special expertise required to
assist the requesting party or consultee
3. The consultee has the capacity to carry out the
Consultant’s recommendations
4. The Consultant understand and takes into
consideration the organizational and environmental
context within which his/her suggestions will be
applied and their possible consequences
 Stages of the Consultation
Process
The Direct Individual Response Educational Consulting Technique (DIRECT) is
presented here as it is a consolidation of different models. (Strum, 1982,
p.297)
1. Establish a consulting relationship
2. Clarify the problem situation
To ensure that the true problem and its coverage are
considered, the problem may be redefined, enlarged or narrowed
in scope
3. Determine desired outcome
Specific goals or outcomes must be set by the consultee in
measurable and observable terms
4. Developing Ideas and Strategies
Brainstorming is done to discover ideas that could lead to the desired
outcomes

5. Develop a plan
A final plan is selected through a collaborative discussion between
Consultant and Consultee

6. Specify the plan

Details necessary for successful plan implementation are spelled out

7. Confirm the consulting relationship

◦ Ongoing relationship is affirmed, a discussion of the problem-solving
process is initiated.
CONSULTATION MODELS
Kurpius and Fuqua (1993) developed four models:
1. Provision Model
-used when a potential consultee encounters
problem which because of lack of time, interest,
and competence he/she cannot define
objectively, and/or for which he/she cannot
identify possible solutions or implement and
evaluate a problem-solving strategy.
the Consultant provides a direct
service to a third party that calls for
no further intervention from the
consultee.
This scenario seems to be a direct
counseling to the client since the work
is done directly with the Consultant
and client
2. Prescriptive Model
Used when competent people who are motivated to solve a
problem directly may lack confidence in their own strategy or
may not have the knowledge and skills needed to carry out a
problem-solving
Consultant validates the consultee’s diagnosis and treatment
plan or to explore other options for defining and solving a specific
problem
3. Collaboration Model
Used to facilitate the consultee’s self-
direction and innate capacity to solve
problems.
The Consultant may actually propose
enhancement programs to help consultees
hone their problem-solving skills.
 4. Mediation Model
The Consultant …
1. Recognizes a persisting problem
2. Gathers, analyzes, and synthesize existing information
3. Defines the problem
4. Decides on the most appropriate intervention;
5. Calls together the persons who have direct contact
with the problem and have the greatest potential to
influence desired change
QUALITIES OF THE CONSULTANT
TRAITS REQUIRED:
The effective Consultant…
Isaware of the psychological, sociological,
educational, and developmental factors that
may underlie certain maladaptive patterns of
behavior
Is dedicated, conscientious and industrious
Exudes confidence and equanimity
The effective Consultant…
Is interested in helping and
concerned about the welfare of the
consultee and the client
Is articulate and systematic
Is intelligent and creative
Is assertive
Is humble
QUALITIES OF THE CONSULTANT
SPECIAL SKILLS REQUIRED
Recognizing and understanding differing environments and their
impact on populations and organizations
Counseling
Communication
Identifying resources that the consultee of the client may need
Making sound judgment
Problem solving
Evaluating
QUALITIES OF THE CONSULTANT
KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITIES REQUIRED
Human growth and development, adjustment
processes and difficulties and the needs they bring
about
Psychoeducational processes
Individual’s characteritsics
Educational and career development and opportunities
Resources needed for developing individuals
Group processes, motivation and change
Consultation Applied in School Setting
Consulting with the School
Administrators
Through an understanding of human growth and development,
and using the Mediation Model, the counselor can explain to the
administration/ management how these characteristics and needs
of the client population affect operations and goal attainment
Strategies for responding to them and their underlying philosophies and
rationale can be explained so that the administration/management
would find it worthwhile to invest in programs that would reinforce
strengths and overcome barriers to progress.
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Personality Types
Team Building Time
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RA 9262 – Anti-Violence Against
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Stress
Communications Management Values Clarification
Styles and Development
Administration may consult the
counselor on concerns like:
1. Handling of issues involving students and employees such as
1. Absenteeism
2. Tardiness
3. Poor motivation
4. Vices
5. Pilferage
6. insubordination

2. Identifying and providing necessary programs for students who may

1. Be gifted
2. Have learning disabilities
3. Show signs of attention deficit disorder
4. Manifest attention-seeking behavior
5. Engage in non suicidal self – injurious behavior
3. Supporting instructional partnership among
teachers
4. Facilitating community and parent-school relations
5. Promoting a positive school climate
6. Integrating the Guidance and Counseling Program
into school goals and objectives
If the administrators are too busy to implement
the strategies required to bring about the
desired changes, they may employ the Provision
Model, where the counselor is left to do what
must be done about a given concern.
Consultation Applied in School
Setting
Consulting with Teachers
1. Helping them understand their students better by
giving them a profile of the students and how these
impact on their achievement, motivation, and
behavior in the school
2. Identifying and intervening in deficiencies in
academic or personal development
3. Helping them understand the environmental factors
that dynamically influence the teaching – learning
experience
Consultant can give workshops
on…
1. Teaching – Learning Styles and Responsive
Strategies
2. Behavior Management
3. Motivating for excellence
4. Managing Bullies and their Victims
5. Life crises: Their Impact and Management
6. In-service Training
 Consultation Applied in School
Setting
Consulting with Students
Certain programs can also be offered to the
students.
The Mediation model may be used as students
many not feel the need for these programs
The Provision Model may also be used since other
people in the school could have brought up the
necessity of responding to certain needs
manifested by the students
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Consultation Applied in School
Setting
Consulting with Parents
Sometimes, the Mediation Model is used
especially when the counselor discovers that
problems with parents underlie maladaptive
behaviors, lack of motivation, and unhappiness.
The counselor may then initiate programs to
improve the parent-children relationship.
 Parent – Effective Empathic
Child Recognizing
Dialogues Parenting Communication
and handling
Workshop children’s
Dealing
with the stress
Understanding
children and Empowering addicted
Developing
adolescents your children
Laws Children’s
talents
protecting
Managing your
women
The family own stress and

code
emotions
and Discovering/
Dealing with the
children abused child