Unit 5: Companies

•Introduction to IT and ITES industry (Product based,

Services based)
•Introduction to NASSCOM, STPI
•Overview on latest IT projects with global impact
•Case study of an IT industry (Product based and Services
based)
•Recent technology advancement
•Current affairs related with the IT industry
•Diversity in the Workforce
Introduction to IT and ITES Industry
• IT (Information Technology) Industry
• IT means using computers and software to store,
process, and share information.
• IT companies create software, manage data,
develop websites, apps, and provide tech support.
Examples of IT companies:
• Microsoft — makes Windows, Office, cloud
services.
• Google — search engine, Android, cloud
services.
• Infosys — software development, IT solutions.
ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services) Industry
• ITES means services that use IT tools to help businesses run
smoothly.
• This includes customer support, data entry, BPO (Business
Process Outsourcing), KPO (Knowledge Process
Outsourcing), digital marketing, etc.
Examples of ITES companies:
• Wipro BPO — provides customer service and
tech support.
• TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) — handles
data processing, customer service, finance
processes for other businesses.
• Concentrix — provides call centre services and
customer care.
• Both IT and ITES are important because:
• IT builds the tools.
• ITES uses these tools to provide services and
help businesses.
Real-Life Example of IT and ITES
Imagine: You are booking a train ticket online.
• IT (Information Technology):
– The website or mobile app you use to book your
ticket is developed by an IT company.
– For example, IRCTC app or website is created and
maintained by software engineers.
– The payment gateway you use (like Razorpay,
Paytm) is also IT work — they build and maintain
the system.
ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services):
– If you face any problem while booking, you call
customer care for help. That call centre is part of
ITES.
– The person on the call helps you using their
software tools to solve your problem.
– Companies like Concentrix, Wipro BPO, or TCS
might handle these customer services.
 Introduction to NASSCOM, STPI
1. NASSCOM (National Association of Software
and Service Companies)
• NASSCOM is like a club for IT companies in
India. It helps big and small tech companies
grow, learn, and find more business.
• They give advice, arrange meetings and
events, and talk to the government to make
better rules for the tech industry.
Real-Life Example:
• Imagine you have a small software company.
You join NASSCOM — they help you meet big
companies like Infosys or Microsoft, show you what’s
happening in the tech world, and help you
understand the latest trends so you can grow faster!
Famous Members:
• Infosys
• Wipro
• TCS
• Google India
STPI (Software Technology Parks of India)
• STPI is like a tech park made by the
government, especially for IT companies.
• If you’re starting a company, they give you
office space with fast internet, power backup,
and help you sell your software to other
countries.
• They also help you save money by giving tax
benefits.
 Real-Life Example:
• Let’s say you start a gaming company at home,
but now you want to go bigger.
• You can open an office in an STPI park, get
high-speed internet, use their services, and
easily export your games to people in the USA
or Europe. You’ll also pay fewer taxes!
Popular STPI locations:
• Bengaluru
• Hyderabad
• Pune
• Noida
• Many startups and export-focused IT
companies work from STPI parks
 Overview of Latest IT Projects with Global Impact
1. AI Tools and Chatbots (Like ChatGPT, Google Gemini)
– What is it?
Smart systems that can understand human language and
answer questions, write texts, and assist with tasks.
– Impact:
Helping businesses automate customer service, write
emails, and even assist in education and healthcare.
– Example:
• ChatGPT helps people write emails, code, and even
study.
• Google Gemini helps answer questions and create
content.
2. 5G Technology
• What is it?
Super-fast mobile internet that connects
phones, smart devices, and machines.
• Impact:
Faster communication, better video
streaming, improved smart cities, and remote
surgeries.
• Example:
– Countries like South Korea, USA, and India are
rolling out 5G networks.
– Smart traffic systems in cities use 5G for better
control.
3. Green Data Centers
• What is it?
Eco-friendly places where all the data (like
websites, apps, videos) is stored and
managed.
• Impact:
Reduces electricity use and helps fight climate
change.
• Example:
– Google and Microsoft are building green data
centres using renewable energy.
• Which of the following is a global impact of
IT industry?
A) Faster communication
B) Automation of businesses
C) Global job opportunities
D) All of the above
• Which of the following is a service under
ITES?
A) Software development
B) Customer support service
C) Hardware manufacturing
D) Cloud computing service
• STPI helps IT companies by providing:
A) Entertainment
B) Tax benefits and export support
C) Sports facilities
D) Free education
• Which organisation is known as the industry
body for IT and ITES in India?
A) RBI
B) NASSCOM
C) IRCTC
D) SEBI
• Which of the following is an example of ITES?
A) Call Centre
B) Data Entry
C) BPO Services
D) All of the above
• What does NASSCOM stand for?
A) National Association of Software and
Services Companies
B) National Assembly of Software and Service
Communication
C) National Association of Sales and Service
Companies
D) None of the above
• What is the main role of NASSCOM?
A) Conducting sports events
B) Promoting the IT and ITES industry in India
C) Printing newspapers
D) Managing railways
• Which ministry controls STPI?
A) Ministry of Defence
B) Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY)
C) Ministry of Home Affairs
D) Ministry of Commerce
• NASSCOM was established in which year?
A) 1980
B) 1988
C) 1995
D) 2000
• Which of the following is not related to
NASSCOM?
A) Supporting IT startups
B) Helping improve cybersecurity
C) Regulating banking sector
D) Skill development in IT industry
• Headquarters of STPI is located in:
A) Mumbai
B) Bengaluru
C) New Delhi
D) Noida
Product Based and IT based
Companies
1. Product-based IT Companies:
• Example: Microsoft
• What They Do: They create and sell products
like software (e.g., Windows, Microsoft Office)
and hardware (e.g., Surface laptops, Xbox).
• How They Make Money: By selling their
products, either as one-time purchases or
through subscriptions (like Office 365).
• Advantages:
– Big Reach: Products can be sold worldwide to
many people.
– Steady Income: Subscription models (like Office
365) bring in regular payments.
• Challenges:
– They have to keep updating and improving their
products to stay competitive.
 OFFICE 365
• It’s a bundle of tools from Microsoft that helps you work,
write, email, chat, and store files online.
You pay a subscription (like Netflix), and you get apps like:
• Word (for writing)
• Excel (for spreadsheets)
• PowerPoint (for presentations)
• Outlook (for email)
• Teams (for chatting and meetings)
• OneDrive (to save your files online)
2. Service-based IT Companies:
• Example: Accenture
• What They Do: They provide services like
consulting, IT support, and helping companies
improve their technology (e.g., cloud services,
custom software development).
• How They Make Money: By charging clients for
services, often based on the project or ongoing
contracts.
• Advantages:
– Long-Term Relationships: They work closely with
clients and can get repeat business.
– Tailored Solutions: They customize services to
meet the client’s specific needs.
• Challenges:
– They rely heavily on skilled workers and need to
manage costs carefully.
Product-based IT Companies:
• Apple
– What They Do: Apple makes and sells products like
iPhones, MacBooks, iPads, and software like iOS.
– How They Make Money: By selling their devices
and software. They also earn from their App Store
and subscription services like iCloud and Apple
Music.
– Example of Products: iPhone, MacBook, Apple
Watch, iPad, and software like iOS.
• Adobe
– What They Do: Adobe creates software products
used for creative and design purposes (e.g.,
Photoshop, Illustrator, Premiere Pro).
– How They Make Money: Adobe sells its software
(now mostly through subscription services like
Adobe Creative Cloud).
– Example of Products: Photoshop, Acrobat Reader,
Adobe Premiere Pro.
• Sony
– What They Do: Sony develops electronic products
like PlayStation consoles and also produces
entertainment content (movies, music).
– How They Make Money: Through sales of gaming
consoles, media content, and consumer
electronics.
– Example of Products: PlayStation gaming
consoles, Xperia phones, Sony Bravia TVs.
Service-based IT Companies:
• Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
– What They Do: TCS provides IT services like
software development, consulting, cloud services,
and IT support to businesses across the world.
– How They Make Money: By offering IT consulting
and development services to businesses.
– Example of Services: Custom software
development, cloud migration, IT infrastructure
management.
• Infosys
– What They Do: Infosys helps companies by
providing IT consulting, software development,
and business process outsourcing services.
– How They Make Money: Charging businesses for
technology services like software development, IT
infrastructure, and consulting.
– Example of Services: Digital transformation, IT
outsourcing, enterprise software solutions.
• Accenture
– What They Do: Accenture provides consulting,
technology services, and business solutions to
help companies improve their performance and
implement new technologies.
– How They Make Money: By charging clients for
consulting services, custom IT solutions, and
technology implementation.
– Example of Services: IT strategy, management
consulting, and cloud solutions.
• Hybrid Examples (Companies that do both products and
services):
• Microsoft
– What They Do: Microsoft not only sells products like
Windows OS and Surface devices but also offers services
like Azure cloud and Microsoft 365 (subscriptions).
– How They Make Money: By selling software (like
Windows), hardware (like Surface), and services (like cloud
storage and business solutions).
– Example of Products: Windows, Xbox, Surface devices.
– Example of Services: Microsoft Azure (cloud computing),
Microsoft 365 (subscription for office tools).
• Amazon
– What They Do: Amazon sells products like books,
electronics, and other goods (through its marketplace),
but also provides services like Amazon Web Services
(AWS).
– How They Make Money: From product sales,
subscriptions (like Amazon Prime), and cloud services
(AWS).
– Example of Products: Electronics, books, Amazon Echo.
– Example of Services: Amazon Web Services (cloud
computing), Amazon Prime (subscription service).
• Recent Technology Advancements
• Quantum Computing:
– a new type of computing that can solve complex
problems much faster than today’s computers.
– Example: Amazon introduced a new chip called
Ocelot, which helps make quantum computers
more powerful and efficient.
• AI and Machine Learning:
AI (Artificial Intelligence) is getting better at
understanding and doing tasks that usually need
human intelligence, like recognizing voices or
images.
– Example: AI is now used for things like predicting
what you might want to buy online or helping
doctors with medical diagnoses.
• Mixed Reality (AR/VR):
– What is it? Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual
Reality (VR) are changing how we interact with the
world by mixing digital images with the real world
or creating entire digital worlds.
– Example: Apple’s Vision Pro is a new device that
uses AR/VR to give you a more immersive
experience.
Current Affairs in the IT Industry

• Amazon and Quantum Computing:

– Amazon is making big moves in the world of quantum computing,
competing with companies like Google and Microsoft. This could change
how we solve big problems in the future, like curing diseases or managing
climate change.

• Tech Industry Diversity:

– The tech industry is still struggling with diversity—there are fewer women
and people from minority groups in tech jobs.
– For example, women make up only about 28% of all tech jobs, and
minorities like Black and Hispanic people are still underrepresented in tech,
especially in leadership roles.
Diversity in the Workforce

• Gender Diversity:
– There are fewer women in tech jobs compared to men. Women make up about
28% of tech workers, even though they make up almost half of the overall
workforce.
• Ethnic Diversity:
– The tech industry also struggles with ethnic diversity. For example, White
Americans hold most tech jobs (about 62%), while Black and Hispanic
Americans are much less represented.
• Efforts to Improve:
– There are ongoing efforts to make the tech industry more inclusive by hiring
more women and people of color. But it’s still a work in progress, especially in
higher-level positions.
• A quantum computer is a super powerful type
of computer that uses the strange and
amazing rules of quantum physics to process
information.
• While normal computers use bits (which are
either 0 or 1),
quantum computers use qubits (quantum
bits), which can be both 0 and 1 at the same
time because of a property called
superposition.
• This makes them:
• Much faster at solving certain complex
problems.
• Great for things like:
– Cryptography (breaking or making super-strong
encryption)
– Simulating molecules for drug discovery
– Complex optimization problems
– Advanced AI and machine learning tasks
• In simple terms:
• A normal computer is like reading one page at
a time in a book.
A quantum computer can read many pages at
once — making it super fast for specific tasks!
• Which of the following is an example of a
product-based company?
A) Infosys
B) TCS
C) Google
D) Wipro
• Service-based companies primarily earn
revenue by:
A) Selling physical products
B) Providing solutions and services to clients
C) Advertising
D) Selling consumer electronics
• Which of the following is generally true about
product-based companies?
A) They have fixed projects from clients
B) They build products for end-users and scale
globally
C) They work only in local markets
D) They don’t focus on innovation
• Which technology is at the core of ChatGPT
and other generative AI models?
A) Blockchain
B) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
C) Transformer-based neural networks
D) Virtual Reality
• "Quantum Supremacy" refers to:
A) Dominating the gaming industry
B) A breakthrough where quantum computers
outperform classical ones in certain tasks
C) The latest version of smartphones
D) None of the above
• Which company developed the AI model
"Gemini"?
A) Microsoft
B) Meta
C) Google DeepMind
D) IBM
• As of 2025, which company became the
world’s largest cloud computing provider?
A) Amazon Web Services (AWS)
B) Microsoft Azure
C) Google Cloud
D) IBM Cloud
• Which Indian IT company crossed $25 billion
in revenue in 2024?
A) Wipro
B) Infosys
C) Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
D) HCL Technologies
• What is the major reason behind recent tech
layoffs globally?
A) Increase in hiring
B) Global economic slowdown and over-hiring
during pandemic
C) Rise in oil prices
D) Launch of new products
• Why is diversity important in the workplace?
A) It limits creativity
B) It encourages homogeneous thinking
C) It brings different perspectives and fosters
innovation
D) It increases conflicts only
• What does the term "inclusion" in diversity
and inclusion mean?
A) Hiring people of the same background
B) Ensuring that all employees feel valued and
included
C) Only focusing on gender diversity
D) Ignoring cultural differences
• Which of the following is a benefit of a diverse
workforce?
A) Reduced employee engagement
B) Increased creativity and problem-solving
C) Increased uniformity of ideas
D) Less market understanding