MODULE THREE
Understanding Personality
A long term consistency in person’s ways of perceiving,
thinking, acting and reacting
1
MODULE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
– Describe the different personality types
– Explain how personality type affects teaching
and learning process
– Identify learning styles that fits the four basic
personality types
2
DEFINITION
– Personality can be
defined as a long term
consistency in person’s
ways of perceiving,
thinking, acting and
reacting.
E.g.
– Shyness/worriness
- Fear in public speaking
PERSONALITY
• Personality has to do with individual differences
among people in behavior, cognition/reasoning
and emotion.
• Individual differences in personality have many
real life consequences.
• Different personality theorists present their own
definitions of the word based on their theoretical
positions.
PERSONALITY CONT….
• Personality is usually broken into components called the Big
Five, which are:
1. Openness to experience,
2. Conscientiousness/carefulness,
3. Extroversion/ sociability,
4. Agreeableness, and
5. Neuroticism (or Emotionality).
• These components are generally stable over time and about
half of the variance appears to be attributable to a person’s
genetics rather than the effects of one’s environment
HOW MANY LEGS DOES THIS ELEPHANT HAS
BLIND MEN AND AN ELEPHANT
LESSONS FROM THE STORY…
• No two individuals are the same
• Each individual has his own characteristic way of
perceiving things and looking at the world.
• There may be some truth to what someone says.
• Sometimes people can see the truth and some
times they do not b/c they may have different
perspectives which we may not agree to.
11
LESSONS FROM THE STORY…
• So rather than arguing/quarrelling like the blind
men, we should say, ‘’ May be you have your
reasons’’.
• This way we can get into argument and learn to
be tolerant towards others for their respective
view points.
• This allow us to live in harmony with people of
different opinion
12
IDIVIDUAL CLASSIFICATION
• Individuals classification along 4 independent dimensions:-
personality characteristics
- Introversion/Extroversion (I-E) – Based on Energy direction
- Sensing / Intuition (S - N) – Based on information acquiring and
processing.
- Intuitive personality is introspective, which is thoughtful and
reflective
- Thinking/ Feeling (T- F) – Based on decision making
- Judging/ Perceiving (J – P ) – Baaed on life organization and
information processing
THE FOUR DICHOTOMIES/OPPOSITIONS
EXTROVERSION VS INTROVERSION
• Extroverts:
• Have High Energy
• Talk more than listen
• Act, then Think
• Like to be around people a lot
• Prefer a public role
• Can get easily distracted
• Prefer to do lots of things at once
• Are out going and Enthusiastic
EXTROVERSION VS INTROVERSION
• Introverts:
• Have quite/low Energy
• Feel comfortable being alone
• Listen more than Talk
• Think quietly Inside their heads
• Think, then act
• Prefer to work “behind – the- scenes”
• Prefer to focus on one thing at a time
• Are self-contained and reserved
SENSING VS. INTUITION
• Sensing
– Take in information in a sequential
way through the use of their five
senses
– Focus on details and specifics
– Notice details & remember facts
– Are Pragmatic/sensible - see “what
is” practical, realistic & logical
– Live in the here and now
– Like to use established skills
– Like-step-by-step instructions
SENSING VS. INTUITION
• Intuitive
– Focus on the big picture & possibilities
– Admire creative ideas
– Notice and learn new skills
– Are inventive- see “what could be”
– Think about future implications
– Trust their gut instincts
– Like to figure things out for themselves
THINKING VS. FEELING
• Thinkers
– Make decisions objectively
– Appear cool and reserved
– Are convinced by rational and
logical arguments
– Are honest and direct
– Take few things personally
– Are good at seeing
flaws/mistakes
– Enjoy being recognized for their
results.
THINKING VS. FEELING
• Feelers
• Decide based on their feelings-with
the Heart
• Appear warm and friendly
• Are convinced by how they feel
• Are diplomatic and tactful
• Value, harmony and compassion/
kindness
• Take many things personally
• Are motivated by appreciation
• Avoid arguments and conflicts
– *Look at your answers for Q 11-15’
JUDGING VS. PERCEIVING
• Judging
– Like to have things settled
– Take responsibilities seriously
– Pay attention to time, usually
prompt.
– Work first, play later
– Seek closure/conclusion
– See the need for most rules
– Like to make and stick with plans
– Find comfort in schedules
JUDGING VS. PERCEIVING
• Perceivers
• Like to keep their options open and
Like to keep plans flexible
• Are playful and casual/ unplanned
• Are less aware of time, may run late
• Play first , work later
• Difficulty in making some decisions
• Question the need for many rules
• Want the freedom to be spontaneous
• *Look at your answers for Q 16-20
THE FOUR BASIC PERSONALITY TYPES
(RATIONAL,IDIALIST,GUARDIAN &
ARTISAN)
EXERCISE
TEST YOUR PERSONALITY
EXERCISE
• Know Your Self
• Answer the 20 questions listed
THE FOUR BASIC PERSONALITY TYPES
RATIONALS (NT)=BALANCED/NORMAL
• Logical, Systematic , problem solvers, Quick grasp of
complex theories and systems
• Strive for competence and excellence
• Skeptical, always questions others and their environment.
• Conceptualizes and want to figure out how and why
• Enjoys thinking and intellectual pursuits/quests
• Natural, non-conformist (non-traditional)
• May be absent-minded but often shows flashes of brilliance
• Sometimes get so caught up in analysis and perspectives
RATIONAL LEARNING STYLES
• What Makes Sense to Them?
– Using exact, well researched information/facts
– Learning more by watching than by doing
– Logical reasoning, the world of abstract ideas
– Taking the time to thoroughly work thru an issue.
RATIONAL LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What’s Hard for Them?
– Working with those of different views.
– Limited time to thoroughly deal with a subject
– Repeating the same tasks over and over
– Lots of specific rules and regulations
– Being diplomatic when convincing others
– Not monopolizing a conversation
– Expressing their emotions verbally
RATIONAL LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What Questions Do They Ask When Learning?
– How do I know this is true?
– Are there any possibilities we have not yet considered?
– What will we need in order to accomplish this?
• Have a preference/inclination for:
– Extensive reading, Compositions, lectures
– Analytic “thinking” sessions
– Audio/video tapes
– Tests and Projects
IDEALISTS (NF)=OPTIMIST/DREAMER
• Romantic/idealistic/dreamy, empathetic,
authentic/trustworthy, creative, and impassioned/excited,
• Strive to be true to themselves
• Inspires and brings out the best in others and want
people to fulfill their potential
• Have a need to live up to their high ideals, Integrity and
Ethics
• Tend to glorify/praise others and life in general
IDEALIST LEARNING STYLES
• What Makes Sense to Them?
– Personalized learning
– Broad, general guidelines
– Maintaining friendly relationships
– Decisions made with the heart
– Enthusiastic participation in projects they believe
in.
IDEALIST LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What’s Hard for Them?
– Having to explain or justify feelings, giving exact
details
– Working with authoritarian personalities
– Working in a restrictive environment
– Concentrating on one thing at a time
– Accepting criticism
IDEALIST LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What Questions Do They Ask?
– What does this have to do with me?
– How can I make a difference?
• Have preferences for:
– Movies/videos/television, Group discussions
– Short lectures, Question and answer sessions
– Class discussions, Group projects
– Shows/games, Simulations
– Dependable, Responsible, attentive, and
loyal/dedicated
– striving for stability, structure and reliability
– Cautious, Decisive and Strong sense of duty
Guardians=care
– Relies and sticks by their principles
– Good authority figures and comfortable
giving orders
takers
The
– Strives to be respected (and typically are)
– Good with logistics and details
– Are often conservative/traditional in
decision-making
– Have little understanding or patience for
philosophical question
GUARDIAN LEARNING STYLES
• What Makes Sense to Them?
– Working in a step-by-step and programmed
manner
– Literal interpretations
– Knowing exactly what is expected of them
– Routines, established procedures
GUARDIAN LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What’s Hard for Them?
– Working in groups
– Discussion that have no specific point
– unorganized environment & incomplete or unclear
directions
– Dealing with abstract ideas, “use of imagination”
– Jumping from point to point
– Questions with no right nor wrong answers
GUARDIAN LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What Questions Do They Ask?
– What are the facts I need?
– How do I do it?
– What should the results look like?
– When is it due?
• Have a preference for:
– Workbooks & manuals, Compositions
– Demonstration teaching
– Programmed instruction, field trips
– Hands - on material, Drill
– Tests/quizzes
ARTISANS/ARTISTIC
• Active , Action- oriented and live in the moment
• Adventurous, optimistic,
• strive for a range of experience and excitement
• Likes to engage the five senses
• Good at making things and working with their hands
• Good at multi tasking
• Generous, Resourceful, Risk-taking and Lively
• Quick thinking (naturally responsive)
• Value freedom
ARTISAN LEARNING STYLES
• What Makes Sense to Them?
– Using insight and instinct to solve problems
– Working with general time frames
– Using real world experience to learn
– Trying something themselves
• What’s Hard for Them?
– Restrictions and limitations
– Formal reports, Routines, Keeping detailed records
– Re-doing anything once it is done
– Showing how they got the answer
– Choosing only one answer, Having no options
ARTISAN LEARNING STYLES CONT…
• What Question Do They Ask?
– How much of this is really necessary?
• Have a preference for:
– Games/contests (competitions, challenges)
– Simulations/demonstrations
– Independent study projects, Problem
solving activities
PERSONALITY TYPES
PERSONALITY TYPES
SUMMARY
• All personality types are equal. No one is better
than the other
• Personality type does not predict/forecast:
– Intelligence
– Maturity
– Skills
– Abilities
IMPORTANT !!!
• All personality types are equal, one is
not better than the other.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident
, that all men are created equal”
Declaration of Independence 1876.
25 STEPS TO BUILDING A POSITIVE
PERSONALITY
TRAINEES IN GROUPS TO DISCUSS AND
PRESENT – FIVE/SIX STEPS EACH
25 STEPS TO BUILDING A POSITIVE
PERSONALITY
STEP 1: ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY
STEP 2: SHOW CONSIDERATION
STEP 3: THINK WIN – WIN
STEP 4: CHOOSE YOUR WORDS CAREFULLY
STEP 5: DON’T CRITICIZE AND COMPLAIN
25 STEPS TO BUILDING A POSITIVE
PERSONALITY
STEP 6: SMILE AND BE KIND
STEP 7: PUT POSITIVE INTERPRETATION ON
OTHER PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR
STEP 8: BE A GOOD LISTENER
STEP 9: BE ENTHUSIASTIC(KEEN, EAGER)
STEP 10: GIVE HONEST AND SINCERE
APPRECIATION
25 STEPS TO BUILDING A POSITIVE
PERSONALITY
STEP 11: WHEN YOU MAKE A MISTAKE, ACCEPT IT
AND MOVE ON
STEP 12: DISCUSS BUT DON’T ARGUE
STEP 13: DON’T GOSSIP
STEP 14: TURN YOUR PROMISES INTO
COMMITMENTS
STEP 15: BE GRATEFUL BUT DO NOT EXPECT
GRATITUDE/THANKFULNESS
25 STEPS TO BUILDING A POSITIVE
PERSONALITY
STEP 16: BE DEPENDABLE AND PRACTICE LOYALTY
STEP 17: AVOID BEARING GRUDGES (COMPLIANTS,
DISLIKES)
STEP 18: PRACTICE HONESTY/thrust-worthiness,
INTEGRITY/reliability AND SINCERITY/naturalness
STEP 19: PRACTICE HUMILITY/HUMBLENES
SSTEP 20: BE UNDERSTANDING AND CARING
25 STEPS TO BUILDING A POSITIVE
PERSONALITY
• STEP 21: PRACTICE COURTESY/POLITNESS
ON A DIALY BASIS
• STEP 22: DEVELOPE A SENSE OF HUMOR
• STEP 23: DON’T BE SARCASTIC/IRONIC
AND PUT OTHERS DOWN
• STEP 24: TO HAVE A FRIEND, BE A FRIEND
• STEP 25: SHOW EMPATHY
Thank You
