IAAS OF AMAZON

By
Maria Nazish(BSIT51F22R027)
Ifra Arooj(BSIT51F22R018)
Sidra Yaseen(BSIT51F22R021)
INSTANCES OF AMAZON WEB
SERVICES
• Amazon EC2 instances are virtual servers in AWS that allow you to run
applications with a variety of computing needs. These instances come in different
types, tailored for various workloads, with specific configurations for CPU,
memory, storage, and networking.
Running vs Stop instances
General purpose instances
Overview
• General Purpose instances provide a balanced set of compute, memory, and networking
resources. They are suitable for a variety of workloads, such as web servers, code
repositories, and small to medium-sized databases. These instances handle applications
that do not demand extreme compute power or memory.

Key Features
• Balanced Resources: Equal distribution of vCPU, memory, and storage makes them versatile.
• AWS Graviton4 Processors: Designed for enhanced performance with lower energy
consumption.
• Elastic Block Store (EBS): Optimized by default for high-speed storage.
• Enhanced Networking: Ensures low-latency data transfer.
General purpose instances
Specifications
T Series (Burstable Performance Instances)
t4g.small: 2 vCPUs, 2 GiB Memory, Up to 5 Gbps.
t4g.medium: 2 vCPUs, 4 GiB Memory, Up to 5 Gbps.
t4g.large: 2 vCPUs, 8 GiB Memory, Up to 5 Gbps.
Use Cases
Hosting web and application servers.
Running moderate-size data processing workloads.
Gaming servers and caching fleets.
Example
t3.medium
Compute optimized instance
Overview
Compute Optimized instances are designed for applications that demand high-
performance processors. These instances maximize compute capacity while balancing
other resources like memory and storage.

Key Features
• High-Performance Graviton4 Processors: Deliver cost efficiency and speed for compute-
heavy workloads.
• Limited Memory: Relatively low memory in comparison of general purpose instances.
• Low Latency: This instance is optimized for high-computing applications , needed high
speed processing.
Compute optimized instance
Specifications
C Series (High Compute Performance)
c5.small: 1 vCPU, 2 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
c5.medium: 2 vCPUs, 4 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
c5.large: 2 vCPUs, 8 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
Use Cases
High-performance computing (HPC).
Video encoding, ad serving, and gaming servers.
Scientific modeling and distributed analytics.
Example
C5g instances
Memory optimized instances
Overview
Memory Optimized instances prioritize large-scale memory capacity and fast data transfer,
making them ideal for in-memory databases and data analytics.

Key Features
AWS Graviton4 Processors: Engineered for workloads that process large datasets.
Enhanced Networking: Achieves low latency and high throughput.
Elastic Block Store (EBS): Optimized for high performance.

Example
R5g instances
Memory optimized instances
Specifications
R Series (High Memory Applications)
r5.small: 1 vCPU, 8 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
r5.medium: 2 vCPUs, 16 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
r5.large: 2 vCPUs, 32 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
Use Cases
Large in-memory databases like Redis or Memcached.
Real-time big data analytics and caching fleets.
Running SAP, databases, and genome analysis.
Accelerated computing
instances
Overview
Accelerated computing instances use specialized hardware like GPUs, or custom accelerators
to offload computationally heavy tasks. They are optimized for graphics rendering, machine
learning training and inference, simulations, and high-performance computing.
Key Features
Specialized Hardware Accelerators:
GPU: These are high performance processors in which there’s efficient computing power. By
using GPU , tasks requiring tasks demandinhg high calculations are fastly completed.
Parallel Computing power: Accelerated computing instances has parallel processing
capabilities , execute large datasets
High Throughput: Accelerated computing instances provides high throughput , use for large-
scale simulations.
Accelerated computing
instances
Specifications
G Series (Graphics-Optimized GPU Instances)
g4dn.xlarge: vCPUs 4, Memory: 16 GiB, Network Bandwidth: Up to 25 Gbps
g4dn.12xlarge: vCPUs: 48, Memory: 192 GiB, Network Bandwidth: 50 Gbps
g5.24xlarge:vCPUs: 96, Memory: 384 GiB, Network Bandwidth: 100 Gbps

Example
g4dn instances
Storage optimized instance
Overview
Storage-optimized instances are designed for workloads requiring high-speed, low-latency access to
large data sets. These instances are optimized for fast sequential I/O operations and are especially
useful for data-heavy applications like distributed file systems, big data analytics.

Key Features
Processors: Use AWS Graviton processors for superior performance at reduced costs or other high-
performance processors like Intel Xeon.
High I/O Performance: Ye instances high storage throughput aur IOPS (Input/Output Operations Per
Second) provide karte hain, jo large datasets ko efficiently process karne mein madad karte hain.
Optimized Storage: Storage optimized instances mein local storage bhi hota hai (ephemeral storage), jo
temporary data ko fast access ke liye store karte hain.
Dedicated Storage: Ye instances dedicated block-level storage provide karte hain, jo high-performance
applications ke liye necessary hota hai.
Storage optimized instance
Specifications
D Series (High Throughput HDD Storage)
d2.small: 1 vCPU, 4 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
d2.medium: 2 vCPUs, 8 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.
d2.large: 2 vCPUs, 16 GiB Memory, Up to 10 Gbps.

Use Cases
High-Frequency Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) Ideal for applications that process
large numbers of transactions in real-time with minimal latency.
Big Data Analytics For managing massive datasets that need high sequential read/write
access.
NoSQL Databases Storage-heavy databases like Cassandra, MongoDB, or Redis that require
fast access to disk storage.
Example
d2 instances
VIRTUALIZATION IN AMAZON
Virtualization in Amazon's Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the process of creating digital versions of an
infrastructure that mimic the behavior of physical resources. This allows users to select the type and
configuration of their infrastructure, and the system will automatically create the virtualized computing
resources.
Types of virtualization
Server Virtualization: Partitions a physical server into multiple virtual servers. e.g Hyper-V.
Storage Virtualization: Combines physical storage devices into a virtual storage pool. e.g SAN.
Network Virtualization: Centralizes network management by creating virtual networks. e.g Software-Defined
Networking (SDN).
Data Virtualization: Creates a unified view of data stored in different formats or locations.
Application Virtualization: Allows running applications on different operating systems. e.g Application
streaming, server-based virtualization.
Desktop Virtualization: Runs desktop operating systems on VMs accessible remotely. e.g Virtual Desktop
Infrastructure (VDI).
Virtualization technology in AWS
AWS primarily uses two types of virtualization technologies for its services
Xen: Initially, AWS relied heavily on the Xen hypervisor for its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances.
Xen is an open-source hypervisor that allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a
host machine.
Nitro: AWS has been transitioning to its own Nitro hypervisor, which is part of the AWS Nitro
System. The Nitro System offloads virtualization functions to dedicated hardware, enhancing
performance and security. It also allows for better resource allocation and management, leading to
improved overall efficiency and reduced costs.
XEN vs Nitro
•Feature
 How virtualization works in AWS
Physical Server: The physical server is the foundation of virtualization which provide the hardware
resources (CPU, memory, storage) that will be virtualized.
Hypervisor: The hypervisor sits on top of the physical server to manage these resources. The
hypervisor divides the physical resources into multiple isolated virtual environments. It acts as the
middleman, enabling the creation and management of Virtual Machines (VMs). Once the hypervisor
creates the virtualized environments, users can launch Virtual Machines.
Virtual Machine : Each VM operates like an independent computer with its own OS and
applications. The hypervisor ensures isolation between VMs so they don’t interfere with each other.
Users can now deploy applications on these VMs for specific workloads like databases, web servers, or
analytics.
Containers : Containers are a more light weight alternative to VMs. They share the host OS but still
isolate applications. Containers are often used alongside VMs for microservices and modern cloud-native
applications. These containers or VMs are hosted on AWS infrastructure, which enables dynamic resource
allocation.
VM vs Containers
How virtualization works in AWS
How virtualization works in AWS
AWS Services: AWS services like EC2 use this virtualization to provide scalable computing
power. When a user launches an EC2 instance, it is essentially a VM or container running on AWS’s
physical servers via the hypervisor. AWS enables resource scaling to optimize cost and performance
based on workload demands.
How resources are scaled to optimize cost and performance?
Virtualization enables AWS to scale resources dynamically. For example, during peak demand,
additional VMs or containers can be deployed, and during low demand, resources can be scaled
down. This efficient use of resources leads to cost optimization. Virtualization ensures maximum
utilization of hardware resources by running multiple workloads on a single physical server. This
reduces costs and optimizes performance for both AWS and its users. Resource efficiency also
supports isolation between workloads.
Processors in amazon
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), different types of processors are used to cater to various
workloads and performance requirements.
AWS Graviton Processors
Custom-designed by AWS using Arm architecture. Offer high performance and cost efficiency for
diverse workloads
Types
Graviton2: For general-purpose, compute-optimized, and memory-optimized workloads.
Graviton3: Improved performance, especially for high-performance computing (HPC) and machine
learning (ML).
Intel Xeon Processors
Widely used across EC2 instance families.
Support advanced features like Intel Turbo Boost, AVX-512, and Deep Learning Boost. Common for
high-performance workloads, including data analytics and enterprise applications.
 STORAGE IN AMAZON
(IAAS)
• Amazon EC2 provides you with flexible, cost effective, and easy-to-use
data storage options for your instances. Each option has a unique
combination of performance and durability. These storage options can
be used independently or in combination to suit your requirements.
• TYPE OF STORAGE:
1. Block storage
2. Object storage
3. File storage
1. BLOCK STORAGE
• Amazon EBS (elastic block storage)
• Amazon EBS provides durable, block-level storage volumes that you
can attach and detach from your instances. You can attach multiple
EBS volumes to an instance. An EBS volume persists independently
from the life of its associated instance. You can encrypt your EBS
volumes.
BENEFITS OF BLOCK STORAGE
• Performance
• Flexability and scalability
• Granular control
• Frequent modification
USE CASE OF BLOCK STORAGE
• Storage area network
• Container
• Transectional workload
• Virtual machine
2. OBJECT STORAGE
• Amazon S3 — Amazon S3 provides access to reliable and inexpensive
data storage infrastructure. It is designed to make web-scale
computing easier by enabling you to store and retrieve any amount of
data, at any time, from within Amazon EC2 or anywhere on the web.
USE CASE OF OBJECT STORAGE
• Analytics
• Machine learning
• Rich media
• Data archiving
• Backup and recovery
3. FILE STORAGE
• Amazon FSx — With Amazon FSx, you can launch, run, and scale
feature-rich, high-performance file systems in the cloud. Amazon FSx
is a fully-managed service that supports a wide range of workloads.
You can choose between these widely-used file systems: Lustre,
NetApp ONTAP, OpenZFS, and Windows File Server.
• Cloud file storage is a method for storing data in the cloud that
provides servers and applications access to data through shared file
systems. This compatibility makes cloud file storage ideal for
workloads that rely on shared file systems
BENEFITS OF FILE STORAGE
• Work together and achieve shared goals, even with remote members.
• Schedule work flexibly by sharing tasks between collaborators in
different time zones.
• Share and edit large files, like video or audio files, with ease.
• Receive notifications when files are edited or updated in real time.
• Share ideas or suggestions by leaving comments on shared files.
USE CASE OF FILE STORAGE
• Web serving
• Content management
• Development tool
• Backup and recovery
• Analytics
NETWORKING IN AMAZON
(IAAS)
• IaaS relies on software-defined networking (SDN), in which
networking hardware (for example, routers, switches, firewalls and
load balancers) is made available through
application programming interfaces (APIs). IaaS models virtualize the
networking functions of this hardware, and clients can access IaaS
services from anywhere over the public internet or by using a virtual
private network (VPN).
• Networking in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a crucial aspect that
enables communication between various components such as virtual
machines (VMs), applications, and other services
Key Components of Networking
in IaaS:
• Virtual Networks (VPC/VNet):
A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) or Virtual Network (VNet) is an isolated
segment of the cloud where you can launch resources like VMs.
• Subnet:
Subnets are subdivisions within a virtual network. They help in
organizing and managing resources.
• Firewall:
A firewall provides security by monitoring and controlling incoming
and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• IP Address:
Each resource in your network is assigned an IP address for identification and
communication.
• Load Balancer:
A load balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers
• VPN( virtual private network)
A VPN creates a secure connection between your on-premises network and your
cloud network.
• Internet Gateway:
An internet gateway is a component that allows communication between the
resources in your VPC and the internet.