Chapter 1
Functions
Functions as
Models
Relation - is a rule
that relates values
from a set of values
(domain) to a second
set of values (range).
Function - is a
relation where each
element in the domain
is related to only one
value in the range.
The function as
a Machine
(A,5) (B,9) (C,9) (E,5) (O,5) (G,9)
3
(2,6) (1,3) (6,18) (7,21) (3,9) (9,27)
A Function can also
be illustrated as
1. Ordered Pairs
2. Table of Values
3. Diagram
4. Graph
5. Equation
Function as
ORDERED
PAIRS
Determine if the given ordered pair is a
function or not a function
Function
Function
Not a
Function
Not a
Function
Function as
TABLE OF
VALUES
Determine if the given TABLE OF VALUES is a
function or not a function
Function
Function
Not a Function
Function as a
DIAGRAM
Determine if the given ARROW DIAGRAM is a
function or not a function
Function
Not a Function
Function
Function as a
GRAPH
Vertical line test
A graph of a relation is a
function if any vertical line
drawn passing through the
graph intersects it at exactly
one point.
Function Function
Not a Function Not a Function
Function as
an EQUATION
Determine if the given EQUATION is a function or
not a function
1. y = 2x + 1 Function
2. y = x – 2x + 2
2 Function
3. x + y = 1
2 2 Not a
Function
4. y = Function
Evaluating a
Function
Evaluating a Function
means replacing the
variable in the function with
a value from the functions
domain and computing for
the result.
I can do this
1. Given f(x) = 2x – 9.
What is f(2)?
a. -5
b. 5
c. 13
d. -13
2. Given g(x) = 3x +
4. What is g(-3)?
a. -5
b. 5
c. 13
d. -13
3. Given h(x) = -5x -
10. What is h(5)?
a. -35
b. 35
c. 15
d. -15
4. Given m(x) = x - 1.
2
What is m(-2)?
a. 5
b. -3
c. 3
d. -5
5. Given r(x) = 2x +
2
11. What is r(3)?
a. 47
b. 19
c. 23
d. 29
6. Given f(x) = x + x
2
+11. What is f(2)?
a. 7
b. 17
c. 19
d. 15
7. Given g(x) = x +
2
3x + 5. What is g(2)?
a. 12
b. 13
c. 15
d. 25
8. Given h(x) = x +
2
3x + 5. What is h(-2)?
a. -5
b. 3
c. 15
d. 4
9. Given p(x) = . What
is p(7)?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
10.Given q(x) = . What
is q(4)?
a. 0
b. 4
c. 8
d. No Answer
Example 1 given f(x) = 2x – 4,
find the value of the function at x
= 3.
Solution
f(x) = 2x – 4
f(3) = 2(3) – 4
f(3) = 6 – 4
f(3) = 2
Example 2 given g(x) = 3x2 + 7,
find the value of the function at x
= -3.
Solution
g(x) = 3x2 + 7
g(-3) = 3(-3)2 + 7
g(-3) = 3(9) + 7
g(-3) = 27 + 7
g(-3) = 34
Example 3 given p(x) = 3x2 + 5x
– 2, find p(0) and p(-1).
Solution for p(0)
p(x) = 3x2 + 5x – 2
p(0) = 3(0)2 + 5(0) – 2
p(0) = 0 + 0 – 2
p(0) = -2
Example 3 given p(x) = 3x2 + 5x
– 2, find p(0) and p(-1).
Solution for p(-1)
p(x) = 3x2 + 5x – 2
p(-1) = 3(-1)2 + 5(-1) – 2
p(-1) = 3 - 5 – 2
p(-1) = -4
Evaluate each at x = 3
1. f(x) = 2x + 1
2. g(x) = 3x – 2
3. h(x) = x2 + 2x – 4
4. d(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 10
5. r(x) =
Evaluate each function
1. f(x) = 2x + 1 find
f(4)
2. g(x) = 3x – 2 find g(-
2)
3. h(x) = x2 + 2x – 4 find
h(2)
4. d(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 10
find d(3)
Operations on
functions
Below is the representation of two
functions represented by a piggy bank
Definition. Let f and g be
functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function
denoted by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).
2. Their difference, denoted by f - g, is the
function denoted by (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x).
3. Their product, denoted by f • g, is the function
denoted by (f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x).
4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g, is the function
denoted by(f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)
Perform the following operations
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
Given the functions:
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 − 1
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
A. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) D. ( ℎ / 𝑔 )
Solve following :
(𝑥)
B. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) E. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3)
C. (𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
Given:
a. (f + g)(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution
a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
(f + g)(x) = (x + 5) + (2x – 1)
(f + g)(x) = x + 5 + 2x – 1
(f + g)(x) = 3x + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
Given:
b. (f - g)(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution
b. (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)
(f - g)(x) = (x + 5) - (2x – 1)
(f - g)(x) = x + 5 - 2x + 1
(f - g)(x) = -x + 6
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
Given:
c. (f • g)(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution
c. (f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x)
(f • g)(x) = (x + 5) • (2x – 1)
(f • g)(x) = 2x2 - x + 10x - 5
(f • g)(x) = 2x2 + 9x - 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
Given:
d. ()(x)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution
d. ()(x) =
()(x) =
()(x) =
()(x) = x + 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
Given:
e. (f + g)(3)
ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Solution
e. (f + g)(3) = f(3) + g(3)
(f + g)(3) = (3 + 5) + (2(3) – 1)
(f + g)(3) = (8) + (6 – 1)
(f + g)(3) = 8 + 5
(f + g)(3) = 13
Perform the following operations
𝑎(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 𝑏(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3
Given:
𝑐(𝑥) = x2 + 3x + 2 𝑑(𝑥) =
1.(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥) 4. ( ) (𝑥)
2.(𝑎 • 𝑏)(𝑥) 5. (𝑎 + 𝑏)(−1)
3. (b − a)(𝑥) 6. (c + d)(4)
Composition
of Functions
a function is substituted to
all variables in another
Compositi function, you are
on of performing a composition
functions:
of functions to create
another function. Some
authors call this operation
as “function of functions”.
Definition:
Let f and g be functions. The composite
function, denoted by (f o g), is defined by
(f o g)(x) = f(g(x))
The process of obtaining a composite function
is called function composition.
Example 1
If f(x) = 2x - 3 and h(x) = x + 5,
find:
a. (f o h)(x).
b. (h o f)(x).
c. (h o f)(3).
Example 2
If f(x) = x + 5x + 6 and h(x) = x + 2,
2
find:
a. (f o h)(x).
b. (f o h)(4).
Solution
f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 and h(x) = x + 2,
find a. (f o h)(x)
a. (f ο h)(x) = f(h(x))
= f(x+2)
Since f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
f(x+2) = (x+2)2 + 5(x+2) + 6
= x2 + 4x + 4 + 5x + 10 + 6
= x2 + 9x + 20
Soluti
on
Example 2 if f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6 and h(x) = x + 2,
find b. (f o h)(4).
(f ο h)(4) = (f (h(4)).
Step 1 : Evaluate h(4) Step 2 : Evaluate f(6)
h(x) = x + 2 f(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
h(4) = 4 + 2
f(6) = (6)2 + 5(6) + 6
h(4) = 6
f(6) = 36 + 30 + 6
f(6) = 72
Solve the following compositions
1. If f(x) = 3x – 12 and g(x) = 2x – 7,
find (f ο g)(x).
2. If f(x) = x2 + 9 and g(x) = 3x + 6,
find (g ο f)(x).
3. If h(x) = 2x – 12 and c(x) = x + 6,
find (c ο h)(4).
4. If d(x) = 2x – 12 and w(x) = 3x + 6,
find (w ο d)(x).
5. If k(x) = 2x + 7 and z(x) = 4x2 + 1,
find (k ο z)(0).
