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Integrals Class 12

The document provides an overview of integrals as the reverse process of differentiation, highlighting two types: Indefinite and Definite Integrals. It explains the geometrical meaning, basic formulas, methods of integration, and properties of definite integrals. Key concepts emphasize the importance of integration in calculating areas and the use of various techniques for solving integrals.

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62 views15 pages

Integrals Class 12

The document provides an overview of integrals as the reverse process of differentiation, highlighting two types: Indefinite and Definite Integrals. It explains the geometrical meaning, basic formulas, methods of integration, and properties of definite integrals. Key concepts emphasize the importance of integration in calculating areas and the use of various techniques for solving integrals.

Uploaded by

sunayanahorizon2107
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Integrals – Class 11 CBSE

Mathematics – Chapter 7
Presented by Aira
What are Integrals?
• • Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.

• • It helps calculate areas and other quantities.


• • Two types: Indefinite and Definite Integrals.
Indefinite Integrals
• • Represent a family of functions with an arbitrary constant (C).

• • General Form: ∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + C


• • Do not have limits of integration.
Definite Integrals
• • Represent the area under a curve between two limits (a to b).

• • Written as ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx.


• • Does not include a constant of integration.
Geometrical Meaning
• • Definite integrals give the net area under the curve y = f(x).

• • Positive above the x-axis, negative below.


• • Used to calculate total accumulation.
Basic Formulas – I
• • ∫ xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹ / (n + 1) + C (n ≠ -1)

• • ∫ 1/x dx = ln|x| + C
• • ∫ eˣ dx = eˣ + C
Basic Formulas – II
• • ∫ sin x dx = -cos x + C

• • ∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
• • ∫ sec²x dx = tan x + C
Methods of Integration
• • Integration by Substitution

• • Integration by Parts (basic idea only)


• • Integration using Partial Fractions
Integration by Substitution
• • Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx.

• • Substitute and simplify the integral.


• • Convert back to x after integration.
Integration by Parts
• • Used for products of two functions.

• • ∫ u·v dx = u∫v dx - ∫(du/dx · ∫v dx) dx


• • Applies in select cases in Class 11 syllabus.
Using Partial Fractions
• • Break rational expressions into simpler terms.

• • Each term is easier to integrate.


• • Follow standard algebraic techniques.
Definite Integral Properties – I

• • ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx + ∫ᵦ𝚌 f(x) dx = ∫ₐ𝚌 f(x) dx


• • ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx = -∫ᵦₐ f(x) dx
Definite Integral Properties – II
• • ∫ₐᵃ f(x) dx = 0

• • If f(x) is even: ∫₋ₐᵃ f(x) dx = 2∫₀ᵃ f(x) dx


• • If f(x) is odd: ∫₋ₐᵃ f(x) dx = 0
Summary of Key Concepts
• • Integration is the reverse of differentiation.

• • Indefinite integrals give general solutions.


• • Definite integrals give exact values/areas.
• • Various techniques and properties assist
integration.
Thank You!
• “The essence of mathematics is not to make simple things complicated,

• but to make complicated things simple.” – S.


Gudder
• CBSE Class 11 | Chapter 7 – Integrals

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