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 MATERIALS, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN
AGRICULTURAL CROP PRODUCTION
Tools, materials, and equipment play a very important role in
agricultural crop production. We cannot do farming activities without
these tools and equipment. Their availability makes the work much
easier and faster. Each of them has its specialized purpose and
function. The work of each tool, material, and equipment varies to
the type and kind of task that one will be working in the farm.
However, even if one may have the most sophisticated tools and
equipment but does not know how to use them, these are just
useless. In order to do crop production operations successfully, one
must have enough knowledge of all these tools and equipment, their
uses and when they will be used.
 Tools
These hand tools are usually light and are used
without the help of animals or machines.
These can be manipulated by hands with no
assistance from any energy. These tools can
be used only for small agricultural works/
farms/areas like at home, school or
community.
Bolo
Bolo is used for
cutting tall grasses
and weeds and
chopping branches
of trees.
 Pick-
mattock
Pick-mattock is
used for digging
canals, breaking
hard topsoil and
for digging up
stones and tree
stumps.
Grab-hoe
Grab-hoe is used
for breaking
hard topsoil
and pulverizing
soil.
Spade
Spade is used
for removing
trash or soil,
digging canals
or ditches and
mixing soil
media.
Shovel
Shovel is used in
removing trash,
digging loose
soil, moving soil
from one place
to another and
for mixing soil
media.
Rake

Rake is used
for cleaning
the ground
and leveling
the topsoil.
Spading
fork
Spading fork is
used for
loosening the
soil, digging out
root crops and
turning over the
materials in a
compost heap.
Light hoe
Hand trowel
Hand trowel is
used for loosening
the soil around the
growing plants and
putting small
amount of manure
fertilizer in the soil.
Hand cultivator
Hand cultivator is
used for cultivating
the garden plot by
loosening the soil
and removing
weeds around the
plant.
Hand fork
Hand fork is
used for
inter row
cultivation.
Pruning shears
Pruning shears is
for cutting
branches of
planting materials
and unnecessary
branches of
plants.
Axe
Axe is for
cutting
bigger
size post.
Knife
Knife is for cutting
planting
materials and for
performing other
operations in
horticulture
Sprinkler
s
Sprinklers –
for watering
seedlings
and young
plants
Water pails
Water pails –
for hauling
water, manure
and fertilizers
Sprayers
Sprayers are for
spraying
insecticides,
foliar fertilizers,
fungicides and
herbicides
Wheelbarro
w
Wheelbarrow is
used for hauling
trash, manures,
fertilizers, planting
materials and
other equipment
Sickle
Sickle is a hand-
held agricultural
tool with a
variously curved
blade typically
used for cutting
weeds.
 Farm Implements
These are accessories which are being
pulled by working animals or mounted
to machineries (hand tractor, tractor)
which are usually used in the
preparation of land. These are usually
made of a special kind of metal.
Plows.
Plows. These are farm implements
either pulled by a working animal or
a tractor. The plow is specifically
used for tilling large areas, making
furrows and inter row cultivation.
Plows pulled by working animals are
made of either a combination of
metal or wood or pure metal. They
are used to till areas with a
shallower depth than that of the
disc plows which are pulled by
tractors. The disc plows which are
pulled by tractors.
 2. Harrow
Native wooden Harrow 2. Harrow. The native
wooden harrow is made
of wood with a metal
teeth and pulled by a
carabao while the disc
Disc harrow harrow is made of
metal mounted to a
tractor. Harrows are
used for tilling and
pulverizing the soil.
3. Rotavator
Rotavator. The
rotavator is an
implement
mounted to a
tractor used for
tilling and
pulverizing the soil
 Common Farm
Equipment
These are machineries used in
crop production. They are
used in land preparation and
in transporting farm inputs
and products. These
equipment need a highly
skilled operator to use.
Hand tractor
Hand tractor is
used to pull a
plow and harrow
in preparing a
large area of
land.
Four-wheel tractor
Four-wheel
tractor is used
to pull disc plow
and disc harrow
in preparing
much bigger
area of land.
Water pumps

Water pumps
are used to
draw irrigation
water from a
source.
Other examples of
farm equipment
Thresher Corn Dehusker
Rice Harvester Grass Cutter

Rice Seeder Miller

There are several categories or group of tools
or materials for crop production. These include

1. Hand tools- these are usually light and are

used without the help of animals or
machines. It can be manipulated by hands
and no assistance from any energy. These
tools can be used only for small agricultural
works, small farms, small gardens or areas
like at home, school or in community. Each
tool has its own purpose. The proper use of
tools must be observed in farming.
 2. Farm Implements
Farm Implements- these are
accessories which are being
pulled by working animals or
mounted to machineries (hand
tractor, tractor) which are
usually used in the preparation
of land. These are usually made
of a special kind of metal.
 3. Common Farm Equipment

Common Farm Equipment- these

are machineries used in crop
production. They are used in
huge land preparation and in
transporting farm inputs and
products. These equipment need
a highly skilled operator to use.
Once you know your tasks or farm job
you can right away decide what
tools/equipment you are going to
prepare considering the type of
works and size of area since the
specification of task in the farm
governs what tools/equipment are
needed or to be prepared. An
agriculturist should know the proper
uses of the tools/equipment.
Familiarizing of tools/equipment and its
functions help the farmer to identify and
prepare quickly and correctly the
tools/equipment needed for a certain farm task.
Examples:
1. Loosening of soil and removing of weeds around the plants
needs Hand cultivator and not Hand trowel because hand
trowel has different work with the Hand cultivator.
2. Preparation of a bigger land for a certain crop and it
requires only a day or two. In task like this; we need tractor
and disc plow. We don’t need to prepare native plow
because of the area, “bigger land area”. Native plow can’t
finish the vast field with in one (1) or two (2) days. How
much more the spade and other hand tools?
Enrichment Activity 1: Give at least 3 tools, 3 implements
and 3 equipment with their corresponding uses.
 What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the
idea of each statement by
filling the blanks with the
correct word or words.
1. __________ are farm implements either pulled by a working
animal or a tractor, specifically used for tilling large areas,
making furrows or inter row cultivation.
2. The __________ is an implement mounted to a tractor used for
tilling and pulverizing the soil.
3. The __________ is made of wood with a metal teeth and pulled by
a carabao, it is used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.
4. __________ is used to pull a plow and harrow in preparing a large
area of land.
5. Water pump is an __________ used to draw irrigation water from a
source.
6. Four wheel tractor is used to pull disc plow and __________ in
preparing much bigger area of land.
7. __________ is used in removing trash, digging loose soil, moving
soil from one place to another and for mixing soil media.
8. Sprinklers – for watering seedlings
and young __________.
9. Sprayers are for __________
insecticides, foliar fertilizers,
fungicides and herbicides.
10. __________ is used for digging
canals, breaking hard topsoil and for
digging up stones and tree stumps.
What I Have Learned
1. plows
2. rotavator
3. native wooden arrow
4. hand tractor
5. equipment
6. disc harrow
7. shovel
8. plants
9. spraying
10.pick mattock
 What I Can Do
Tasks Tools/Implements/Equipment to be
Used
1. cutting tall grasses and weeds and chopping branches of
trees
2. breaking hard topsoil and pulverizing soil in home garden
3. plowing of bigger area of land that requires only few days
or hours
4. hauling trash, manures, fertilizers, planting materials and
other equipment
5. loosening the soil around the growing plants and putting
small amount of manure fertilizer in the soil.
6. tilling and pulverizing the soil in large area using carabao
7. Cutting weeds or harvesting rice
8. drawing of water from the source going to the farm
9. cultivate the garden plot by loosening the soil and
removing weeds around the plant.
10. cutting bigger size of post
What Can I Do
1. Bolo
2. Grab-hoe
3. Four wheel tractor and disc
plow
4. Wheel barrow
5. Hand trowel
6. Native wooden harrow
7. Sickle
8. Water pump
9. Garden trowel
10. Axe
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. You will prepare __________ if your task is to till large areas,
make furrows and do inter row cultivations in the absence of
tractor and disc machines.
A. thresher B. corn dehusker C. rotavator D. native plow
2. To till large areas and pulverize the soil you need __________.
A. thresher B. corn dehusker C. rotavator D. native plow
3. What tool is used for loosening the soil around the growing
plants and putting small amount of manure fertilizer in the
soil?
A. hand trowel B. hand cultivator C. hand fork D. shovel
4. Which farm equipment is needed if your work is
tilling large area using disc plow and disc harrow?
A. plow B. four wheel tractor
C. hand tractor D. water pump
5. Which of the following purposes is the function of a
hand fork?
A. for hauling water, manure and fertilizers
B. for inter row cultivation
C. for loosening and leveling soil and digging out
furrows for planting
D. for cutting tall grasses and weeds and chopping
branches of trees
6. What is the purpose of shovel?
A. used in removing trash, digging loose soil, moving soil from one place
to another and for mixing soil
B. used for removing trash or soil, digging canals or ditches and mixing
soil
C. used for breaking hard topsoil and pulverizing soil
D. used for digging canals, breaking hard topsoil and for digging up
stones and tree stumps
7. Which tool is used for watering seedlings and young plants?
B. used in removing trash, digging loose soil, moving soil from one place
to another and for mixing soil
C. B. used for removing trash or soil, digging canals or ditches and
mixing soil
C. used for breaking hard topsoil and pulverizing soil
D. used for digging canals, breaking hard topsoil and for digging up
stones and tree stumps
8. Which tool is used for watering seedlings and young
plants?
A. jar B. water pail C. sprinkler D. scoop
9. Which tool is used for cutting bigger size post?
A. knife B. bolo C. saw D. axe
10. Which of the following functions is the work of light
hoe?
A. used for loosening and leveling soil and digging out
furrows for planting
B. used for cutting tall grasses and weeds and chopping
branches of trees
C. used for breaking hard topsoil and pulverizing soil
D. used or hauling water, manure, and fertilizers
Assessment
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D
10.A
What I Know
1.A
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C
10.D
Lesson 2
Checking Farm Tools,
Materials and Equipment
for Faults and Defects
Characteristics of
Materials, Tools,
and Equipment
1. Selection of material
Material selection is one of the most common
tasks for farming. The ability to assess the
material’s impact on the performance of the
product in the farm is crucial especially
farming requires for best and abundant
production. Sometimes, buyers are also
considering the label or name of the company
which are producing great quality of materials
and are known in the market.
2. Testing of material
The testing of material properties is widely
understood to be the key to obtain success of
the farm, failure analysis, and understanding
material interactions. Material testing also
provides information on the quality of
incoming and outgoing products. Inspection
test equipment and techniques are
demonstrated for a wide range of materials
and equipment during the purchase.
3. Cost of material
The cost of material is also considered when buying or
selecting materials for a specific project. The amount
may vary but never taken for granted the quality and
the reliability of the materials/equipment. Will you
buy material which is less expensive but worst
quality? Will you buy material which you cannot
afford? People look for places which can meet their
standards and right cost for materials to buy.
Before buying or paying of materials takes place, you
should evaluate the material options, conditions,
characteristics, and requirements.
The characteristic of the
materials/tools to be used for
specific farm project must be:
of good quality - This is the most
important factor when choosing
materials to buy. Products with good
quality are long-lasting and safe to use
because you know that it follows certain
standards before being commercialized.
Reliable - It means that you can be sure
that it will perform its function well, will
operate safely and will give the best it
could give.

Suitable for the application/purposes -

Choose the materials which are very
necessary to make the project possible.
Making a list of products/materials to buy
is a good trait of a wise consumer.
Products which are not important must be
low cost - It doesn’t mean that
you will choose for the less
expensive one and exclude the
quality. Low cost means you can
afford to buy the materials
without hurting your pocket and
you are assured of better quality.
Fault Identification and Reporting
These are the things to be considered when:
A. Receiving Materials:
1. Match the packing slip with the items received and
ensure that the materials are delivered to the right
destination.
2. That you are receiving the materials indicated on the
purchase order about quantity and discount.
3. That the materials are in acceptable condition
4. That terms and condition are met
B. Receiving Reports
Whenever goods are received:
1. The person receiving the goods must
document, using the prescribed and right forms,
that all goods were received for each requisition
before any payment can be made to the vendor.
2. Any exception must be noted so that partial
payments can be processed or defective goods
can be returned.
 C. Return of
Merchandise
When merchandise is received
which is incomplete or defective,
the supervisor will return the
materials to the supplier or to the
store where it was bought and
decide with the supplier for
replacement.
D. Make an Inventory Report
of the Materials
All materials received must be listed and be
reported to monitor how many materials are
already on hand, purchased or damaged.
Effective management checks are important
means of proving assurance of the integrity
and security of the benefit processes. They
are also useful in identifying farmer’s needs.
Here’s How/Methodology
The teacher will be the assessor.
The Students will be randomly assigned who:
1. acts as Quality Checker;
2. is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the checking
arrangements; and
3. must generate reports when receiving the equipment.
The Quality checker will record the date of receipt, name of
the materials purchased, quantity, official receipt number,
signature of the person who bought the materials and signed
his name afterwards. The Quality checker will identify if the
materials are in good condition or damaged and /or needing
replacements. This will also be recorded on his report.
 Checking of faults and defects of
farm materials, tools and equipment
Effective management checks are important means of providing
assurance of the integrity, security, and productivity of
materials and the farm.
Firm checking of the condition of the materials is one of the keys
to success in farming. The errors and the defects of the farm
materials could not be identified right away if there is no strict
checking upon paying and receiving the materials and this will
lead the farmers to failure because it’s wasting of money and
time.
All materials received must be checked, listed and be reported to
monitor how many materials are already on hand, purchased
or damaged that need replacements.
There are two (2) forms can be used
in checking the materials. These
are:
1.Log Report
2. Assessment of Materials Received
The Quality checker records the date he
received the materials under Date Received,
OR # of receipt, name of the materials
purchased/received, quantity, signature of
the person who delivered the materials and
signs his name afterwards.
This Log Report will help you (quality
checker) to document the materials delivered
and can be used for future purposes.
The Quality checker will write his name, the date,
and the materials received. He will identify if the
materials are in good condition or damaged
and /or needing replacements, he will also write
the number of the damaged materials. This will
also be recorded on his report. This Assessment
of Materials form will help you and document
the faults. And without delay the defected
materials will be replaced.
What’s More
1. j
2. i
3. h
4. g
5. f
6. e
7. d
8. c
9. b
10. a
Assessment
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The characteristics of the materials, tools, and
equipment for farm use are:
A. good quality, reliable, standard, and useful
B. good quality, reliable, suitable for the purpose
and low cost
C. price, credibility of the factory, uses and good
quality
D. durability, price, brand and good quality
7. What you will do with the identified
defective materials?
A. report to the supervisor
B. keep it in storage area/room
C. return the defective materials to the
company for replacement
D. let the store pay for damage
Assessment
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. B
10.A