OBJECT DETECTION
PRESENTED BY:
SOUMYA PANJA
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO. : 34230820017
STREAM: CSE(AI & ML)
SUBJECT: COMPUTER VISION
SUBJECT CODE: PEC AIML 701B
YEAR: 4TH
SEMESTER: 7TH
INTRODUCTION
In the realm of computer vision, object
detection stands as a cornerstone,
allowing machines to pinpoint and
classify objects within images and
videos. Its implications span across
diverse domains, including autonomous
vehicles, security, and even healthcare.
Join us as we unravel the essence of
object detection, explore its
techniques, unveil its applications, and
glimpse into its exciting future.
OBJECT DETECTION
Object detection, a vital computer vision task,
identifies objects in images or videos, aiding
machines in visual comprehension. Used in
autonomous vehicles, surveillance, and medical
imaging, it has evolved from Haar Cascades to
advanced methods like CNNs, YOLO, and SSD.
Challenges encompass scale variation and biases,
yet trends like self-supervised learning and
explainable AI offer potential. This presentation
delves into techniques, applications, challenges,
and future prospects of object detection.
OBJECT DETECTION TECHNIQUES:
TRADITIONAL METHODS
Haar Cascades:
• Haar features and cascading classifiers are used for
rapid object detection. This technique is efficient but
may lack precision.
Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG):
• HOG extracts gradient information to identify object
edges and shapes, making it effective for pedestrian
detection and more.
OBJECT DETECTION TECHNIQUES:
DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN):
• CNNs are the foundation of modern object detection, learning
complex patterns and hierarchies in data.
Region-based CNN (R-CNN) Family:
• R-CNN: Introduced region proposals for object localization and
classification.
• Fast R-CNN: Improved speed by sharing convolutional features.
• Faster R-CNN: Integrated Region Proposal Networks (RPN) for
end-to-end object detection.
OBJECT DETECTION TECHNIQUES:
DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES
Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD):
• Combines object localization and classification in a single pass, achieving real-time
detection.
You Only Look Once (YOLO):
• Divides images into grids and predicts bounding boxes and class probabilities
directly, enabling real-time processing.
RetinaNet:
• Addresses object scale variations with a focal loss and anchors of different sizes.
EfficientDet:
• Achieves a balance between accuracy and efficiency through compound scaling of
model dimensions.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO OBJECT
DETECTION
Scale Variation:
• Detecting objects of varying sizes within a single image can be
challenging. Some objects might appear significantly larger or smaller,
demanding scale-invariant detection methods.
• Solution: Techniques like anchor boxes and feature pyramids allow
models to effectively capture objects at different scales.
Occlusion and Clutter:
• Objects may be partially concealed by other objects or background
elements, leading to incomplete detections.
• Solution: Advanced models and attention mechanisms help in
recognizing partially visible objects and handling cluttered scenes.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO OBJECT
DETECTION
Real-time Processing:
• Many applications, such as robotics and autonomous vehicles, require
real-time object detection, imposing strict time constraints on the
algorithms.
• Solution: Efficient models like YOLO and SSD optimize for speed while
maintaining detection accuracy.
Small Object Detection:
• Detecting small objects can be challenging due to limited visual
information and low pixel densities.
• Solution: Models with smaller receptive fields and multi-scale features
aid in accurate detection of small objects.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO OBJECT
DETECTION
Training Data and Annotations:
• Building robust object detection models requires high-quality, diverse,
and well-annotated datasets.
• Solution: Data augmentation, transfer learning, and synthetic data
generation help alleviate data scarcity and improve model
generalization.
Model Interpretability and Bias:
• Understanding how models arrive at decisions and addressing biases are
critical for ethical and fair deployment.
• Solution: Research in explainable AI aims to make object detection
models more transparent and accountable.
• Autonomous Vehicles
Applicatio • Surveillance and Security
• Medical Imaging
ns of • Retail and Inventory
Object Management
• Augmented Reality
Detection • Robotics
CONCLUSION
Object detection stands as a transformative element in computer vision,
empowering machines to grasp their surroundings by recognizing and
comprehending objects in images. Through a blend of classical
techniques and advanced deep learning, it has found applications across
industries, including autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and retail.
Challenges like real-time detection and ethical considerations persist, but
emerging approaches like one-shot learning and attention mechanisms
hold promise. Navigating this evolving landscape requires responsible
integration and collaborative efforts to unlock the full potential of object
detection.
Thank You
