PATTERNS OF
DEVELOPMENT
IN WRITING
N A R R A T I O N
NARRATION
-the most basic pattern
of development
-describes how, when, and where an
event or occurrence actually
happened
- used to tell a story or focus on
a set of
related events
NARRATION
Components of
Narrative Text
1. Logical Actions
2. Way of Narration
3. Terminology
NARRATION
1. LOGICAL ACTIONS
Example
It was late spring the last time we
saw Ross. He was standing at the edge of
the hill, and he never so much as looked
up even though we were sure he knew we
were there. There was a bunch of flowers
clutched to his fist, but there really
was no reason for him to be standing
there. We knew that Carrie wasn't coming
to see him. But he stood there anyway,
waiting, even as the afternoon sunlight
deepened towards the evening. He must
have been standing there for hours.
NARRATION
2. WAYS OF NARRATION
a)Clipped Narration
“He came and talked to us.
Then he left the house and
then he drove the car back
home.”
NARRATION
2. WAYS OF NARRATION
b)Paced Narration
“He came and talked to us for a
few moments. He seemed upset, but
he managed to get through all the
bad news. Shaking our hands
before he left the house come
twilight, he seemed to feel
better now that he had delivered
the news. He waved from the car
as he pulled out of the driveway,
narrowly missing the mailbox
again, and drove off to return
NARRATION
3. TERMINOLOGY
a)Concrete Spoon,dog,house
b)Abstract Love, freedom
c)General Terms Furniture
d)Specific Terms cabinet
D E F I N I T I O N
DEFINITION
- explains not just what
something means or is, but
also what something does,
what something is used for,
what something looks like,
etc.
DEFINITION
Varieties of Definition
a) Scientific Definition
- defines concepts in the most
factual way, which is often used in
scientific, proper, or real world
facts
DEFINITION
Varieties of Definition
a) Subjective Definition
- defines the objects in a more
personal way
D E S C R I P T I O N
DESCRIPTION
- the pattern of development
which goes into details about
a specific object, person, or
location, in order to firmly
set its appearance
• What does it look like?
• What are its characteristics?
DESCRIPTION
Characteristics of Description
• has a clear focus and sense
of purpose
• uses sensory details and
precise words
• presents details in a logical
order
DESCRIPTION
Varieties of Description
a)Objective Description
• looks into factual and scientific
characteristics of what is being
described as objectively as
possible
DESCRIPTION
Varieties of Description
a)Objective Description
The Acer barbatum is a small to
medium-sized, deciduous tree usually
ranging from 15 to 25 m. (50 to 80
ft.) tall when mature. Its bark is
light gray and smooth on younger
trees, and it becomes ridged and
furrowed with age. Leaves are
opposite and shallowly to deeply
palmately lobed, with a few blunt
teeth but no serrations.
DESCRIPTION
Varieties of Description
b) Subjective Description
• a sort of description that the
author would normally use to
“paint a picture” of how he sees
a character, or how he wants the
reader to see a character
DESCRIPTION
Varieties of Description
b) Subjective Description
My mother had hair so dark
that it looked like a waterfall of
ink. She always kept it in a braid
that fell to her slim waist, and
always tied with a plain black
band. The braid of black slung over
her shoulder, the plaits shining
like scales.
C O M P A R I S O N and
C O N T R A S T
COMPARISON & CONTRAST
- organizes ideas based on how
events, places, people, things, and
concepts are similar to or
different from one another
a) separately -involves describing
one item first followed by the
second item
b) side-by-side -involves
discussing
both items based on each point of
comparison
COMPARISON & CONTRAST
Although I raised Marcee and
Obbie from puppies, they have
completely diverse personalities.
Obbie is a six year old, male, toy
Pomeranian whereas Marcee is a one
year old, female, Boston terrier.
Obbie is small and soft, unlike
Marcee who has bristly hair and is
much bigger. Marcee insists on
sleeping on the bed, under the
covers every night.
COMPARISON & CONTRAST
On the other hand, Obbie will
only sleep on the floor, under the
bed. Obbie is tremendously loyal and
uptight; however, Marcee is hyper and
friendly to anyone she meets or sees.
Around other dogs, Marcee cowers to
the larger dog, yet Obbie will always
stand his ground, never giving up
until he is scolded. Given that they
were both treated the same way all
their life, it is hard to believe that
they are so different in everything
they do.
C A U S E
and
E F F E C T
CAUSE & EFFECT
- explains why something
happens or what results a
particular event produces
a. Paragraph emphasizing cause
b. Paragraph emphasizing effect
CAUSE & EFFECT
"I went to sleep with gum
in my mouth and now there's gum
in my hair and when I got out
of bed this morning I tripped
on the skateboard and by
mistake I dropped my sweater in
the sink while the water was
running and I could tell it was
going to be a terrible,
horrible, no good, very bad
day."
P R O B L E M
and
S O L U T I O N
PROBLEM AND SOLUTION
- focuses on either a
problem or solution in a
particular area or situation
P E R S U A S I O N
PERSUASION
- convinces readers to agree
to an argument or claim
about a particular topic.
