To an AI application, an image is just an array of pixel values.
These
numeric values can be used as features to train machine learning models
that make predictions about the image and its contents.
How to create
Conversational AI?
What is Conversational AI
Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) is technology that
enables humans and computers to communicate clearly and
effectively through speech or text.
Ex: Azure Bot This service provides a platform for
conversational AI, the capability of a software "agent" to
participate in a conversation. Developers can use the Bot
Framework to create a bot and manage it with Azure Bot services
like Language, connecting to channels for web chat, email,
Microsoft Teams, and others.
1. Start by understanding your
use cases and requirements:
The first step in creating conversational AI understands your
organization’s specific needs and use cases.
What are you trying to achieve with your chatbot?
What type of conversations do you want it to be able to have?
What data do you need to collect and track?
Defining these requirements will help you determine the best
approach to creating your chatbot.
2. Choose the right platform and
toolkit:
There are several different platforms and toolkits that you can
use to create conversational AI.
Each platform has its own strengths and weaknesses, so you
need to choose the platform that best suits your needs.
Some popular platforms include [24]7.ai Conversations,
Microsoft Bot Framework, Amazon Lex, Google Dialog flow , and
IBM Watson.
3. Build a prototype:
Once you have defined your requirements and chosen a platform, it’s time to
start building your prototype.
Building a prototype will help you test your chatbot and iron out any kinks
before deploying it to your users.
4. Deploy and test your chatbot:
• Once your prototype is finished, it’s time to deploy and
test your chatbot.
• Make sure to test it with a small group of users first to
get feedback and make any necessary adjustments.
5. Optimize and improve your
chatbot.:
The final step is to continually optimize and improve your chatbot.
You can do this by tweaking the algorithms, adding new features, and
collecting user feedback.
Difference between Traditional chatbots
and AI – Powered Chatbots:
Traditional Chatbots AI-powered chatbots
Low complexity Focused, Complex,
transactional contextual
Basic answer and Can manage complex Goes beyond
response machines dialogues conversations
Allow for simple Integrate with Contextually aware
integration multiple legacy/back- and intelligent
end systems
Based on limited Scope Based on large scope Can self-learn and
improve over time
Need explicit training Specialize in Can anticipate user
for every scenario completing tasks needs
interacting with
multiple systems
Require low back-end Require high backend Require massive
effort effort back-end effort
Challenges of Conversational AI
Linguistic Nuances
Human communication is not always straightforward; in fact, it often contains sarcasm, humor, variations of
tones, and emotions that computers might find hard to comprehend. And when it comes to speech, dialects,
slang, and accents are an extra challenge for AI to overcome.
Privacy Concerns
Conversational AI relies on information to operate, raising privacy and security concerns among some users.
This leaves AI companies with the big responsibility of adhering to privacy standards and being transparent
with their policies.
Public Skepticism
Any new advancement inevitably comes with some kind of apprehension from the general public. While it’s
important to eliminate the misconceptions about chatbots and other AI products, researchers and tech
companies need to realize that the public will need some time to warm up to and adopt novel technologies.
State-of-the-Art Conversational AI
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Most conversational AI uses NLU to intelligently process user
inputs against multiple models, enabling a bot to respond in a
more human-like way to non-transactional journeys.
The core technology understands slang, local nuances, colloquial
speech, and can be trained to emulate different tones by using
AI-powered speech synthesis.
Sentiment Analysis
This leading conversational AI technology layer abstracts pre-built sentiment
and social models to prioritize and seamlessly escalate to an agent when it
detects that a customer needs expert advice.
Sentiment detection will recognize, for example, an upset customer and
immediately route them to an agent.
You can also prioritize unhappy customers in the system, placing them in
special queues or offering exceptional services.
Deep Learning
This machine learning technique is inspired by the human brain or
‘neural network’ and allows AI to learn by association, just like a
child.
The more data AI is exposed to, the better it gets—and the more
accurately it can respond over time.
AI models trained with many years of contact center data from
various voice and digital channels result in smarter and more
accurate responses to human inquiries.
Response accuracy can be further improved over time by learning
from interactions between customers, chatbots, and human agents,
and optimizing intent models using AI-powered speech synthesis.
Intent Prediction
Using behavioral analysis and tagging activities, conversational AI technologies can
understand the true meaning behind each consumer’s request.
Knowing intent allows companies to deliver the right response at the right moment
through an automated bot or human agent.
The future roadmap for conversational AI platforms includes support for multiple use
cases, multi-domain, and multiple vertical needs, along with explainable AI
Conversational AI Challenges
Security and Privacy- Conversational AI applications must be
planned with security in mind to guarantee that protection is
regarded and all personal details are kept private or redacted
depending on the channel being utilized.
Conversations in Native Languages-With only a limited
section of the world population speaking English, it is a challenge
for a voice assistant to converse in a language other than English.
As a result, the choice of chatting to a voice assistant in your
mother language is critical to winning more people and building
faith more skillfully.
Discovery and Adoption-Although conversational AI
applications are getting progressively simple to use and
standardized for everybody, there are still difficulties that
can be defeated to expand the number of individuals who
are open to using technology for a more extensive variety of
use cases.
Language Input-Dialects and background noises can affect
the AI’s comprehension of the raw input. Also, slang and
unscripted language can create issues with handling the
information.
Simultaneous Conversations- the voice assistant might
get confused. Hence, it requires skill to differentiate identical
voices from each other and not distract user accounts,
Hyperparameter tuning
Hyperparameter tuning is a critical step in
machine learning where the goal is to optimize
the hyperparameters of a model to improve its
performance.
Hyperparameters are parameters that are set
before the learning process begins, and they
control the learning process itself rather than
being learned from the data.
The key steps and techniques
involved in hyperparameter
tuning:
1. Define Hyperparameters
Identify the hyperparameters that affect the learning process of
your machine learning algorithm. Examples of common
hyperparameters include:
Learning rate
Number of epochs
Batch size
Regularization parameters (e.g., L1 or L2 regularization strength)
Number of hidden units or layers in a neural network
Choice of optimizer
2. Choose a Validation Strategy
Decide on a validation strategy to evaluate the performance of
different hyperparameter settings. Common validation
techniques include:
Holdout Validation: Split the data into training and validation sets.
Cross-Validation: Divide the data into multiple folds and iterate
over different combinations of training and validation sets.
Time Series Split: For time-series data, use a sliding window
approach to create training and validation sets.
3. Select a Hyperparameter Search Method
Choose a method to search the hyperparameter space for
optimal values:
Grid Search: Define a grid of hyperparameter values and
evaluate the model's performance for each combination.
Random Search: Randomly sample hyperparameter values from
predefined distributions.
Bayesian Optimization: Use probabilistic models to predict the
performance of different hyperparameter configurations.
4. Evaluate Model Performance
Train the model using different hyperparameter configurations
and evaluate its performance based on the chosen validation
strategy. Use appropriate metrics (e.g., accuracy, F1-score,
RMSE) to assess model performance.
5. Optimize Hyperparameters
Based on the evaluation results, refine your search space and
select new hyperparameter configurations to explore. Continue
this process iteratively to converge towards optimal
hyperparameter values.
6. Validate on Test Set
Once the best hyperparameters are identified using the
validation set, validate the final model on a held-out test set to
estimate its performance in real-world scenarios.
Techniques for Efficient
Hyperparameter Tuning:
• Early Stopping: Stop training when the model performance on the
validation set starts deteriorating.
• Cross-Validation: Use cross-validation to make efficient use of data and
reduce overfitting.
• Hyperparameter Importance Analysis: Identify the most influential
hyperparameters and focus tuning efforts on them.
• Automated Hyperparameter Tuning Tools: Leverage libraries and
frameworks (e.g., scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch) that offer built-in
support for hyperparameter tuning.
• Hyperparameter tuning requires a balance between computational
resources, search space exploration, and validation strategy to achieve
optimal model performance.
• It often involves a combination of domain expertise, experimentation, and
iterative refinement to find the best hyperparameter settings for a given
machine learning task.
Neural networks
Neural networks are a series of algorithms that mimic the operations of an
human brain to recognize relationships between vast amounts of data.
As such, they tend to resemble the connections of neurons and synapses
found in the brain.
They are used in a variety of applications in financial services, from
forecasting and marketing research to fraud detection and risk assessment.
Neural networks with several process layers are known as "deep" networks
and are used for deep learning algorithms
The success of neural networks for stock market price prediction varies.
Neural network regression
Neural network regression is a machine learning technique that
uses neural networks to perform regression tasks.
Unlike classification tasks where the goal is to predict a
categorical label, regression tasks involve predicting a continuous
output value.
Neural networks are well-suited for regression tasks due to their
ability to model complex relationships between input variables
and output targets.
Overview of how neural network
regression works and the steps
involved:
1. Data Preparation
Input Features: Prepare your input data (features) in a suitable format. This could
involve scaling or normalization to ensure all features contribute equally to the model.
Output Targets: Prepare the target values (continuous values) that the neural network
will predict.
2. Neural Network Architecture
Input Layer: The input layer of the neural network corresponds to the features of your
dataset.
Hidden Layers: Intermediate layers (hidden layers) perform nonlinear transformations
on the input data.
Output Layer: The output layer produces the continuous prediction.
3. Model Design
Choose the architecture of your neural network (number of layers, number of neurons
per layer, activation functions).
For regression tasks, a common choice is a feedforward neural network with fully
connected (dense) layers.
4. Loss Function
Use an appropriate loss function for regression, such as Mean
Squared Error (MSE) or Mean Absolute Error (MAE), which
measures the difference between predicted values and true
targets.
5. Training
Split your dataset into training, validation, and possibly test sets.
Use an optimizer (e.g., Adam, SGD) to minimize the loss function
during training.
Train the neural network by feeding input data and corresponding
target values through the network iteratively for multiple epochs.
6. Evaluation
Monitor the model's performance on the validation set during
training to avoid overfitting.
Evaluate the trained model on a separate test set to assess its
performance on unseen data.
Key Points:
Activation Functions: Use appropriate activation functions (e.g., ReLU for
hidden layers, linear for output layer) based on the nature of the task.
Model Training: Tune hyperparameters (e.g., learning rate, number of
epochs) to optimize model performance.
Regularization: Optionally apply regularization techniques (e.g., dropout, L2
regularization) to prevent overfitting.
Neural network regression is a powerful technique capable of capturing
complex patterns in data and making accurate continuous predictions.
Experimentation with different architectures and hyperparameters is often
necessary to achieve optimal performance for specific regression tasks.
