1. What is philosophy?
2. Why is there a need
to philosophize?
3. How do we characterize
the study of philosophy?
4. What are the practical
uses of philosophy in life?
Philosophy comes
from two Greek words:
philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom) which were
used by ancient Greeks to
refer to “love of wisdom”
and soon applied it to
tothe study the ultimate
or discipline
investigate
that uses human reason ,
causes, and principle
reasons, s
Philosophy is the study
of general and fundamental
questions about existence,
knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.
In simple words, it is a
way of thinking about the
world, the universe and the
society. It works by asking
very basic questions about
the nature of human thought,
the nature of the universe
and the connections bet.
- it is the study of
humans and the world by
thinking and asking
questions. It is a science
and art. It tries to answer
important questions by
coming up with answers
about real things and
asking “why?”.
Origin of Philosophy:
Greece is the birthplace of philosophy in the West. It
is in the ancient Greek city of Miletus in the Western coast
of what is now Turkey.
Thales, the Father of Philosophy lived in the city of
Miletus. (546 – 624 BCE)
- what made him a philosopher is his desire to know
the ultimate stuff that makes up the different things we
perceived. He believed that despite the different things we
encounter there is an underlying stuff or substance in
which everything is composed. He believes there is One in
the Many. He was the first individual who reduce the
Western Philosophy is primarily concerned with
uncovering the truth through systematic argumentation
and theory. Puts greater emphasis on the sue of reason
rather than faith, and increased focus on man as an
individual.
“love of learning”
• Pre- socratics
• Sophists – they taught a way of argumentation called
eristic, which aimed to win arguments rather than arrive
at the truth.
PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY
Characterized by three things:
1. Involves widest generalization.
2. It is all about fundamentals
3. Is driven by the desire to integrate things
in to a one coherent whole.
Pythagoras
a mathematician and scientist,
credited with formulating the
Pythagorean Theorem
established a community of
learners devoted to the
study ofHeracli
religion and
proposed
philosophy that
tus everything that
exists is based on a higher
order or plan which he called
logos
change is permanent aspect of the
human condition; “No man never
Democritus
study the causes of natural
phenomena
was among the first to propose
that matter is composed of tiny
particles Diogenes of
called atoms
a knownSinopeadvocate of living a
simple and virtuous life
one should not only talk of virtue but
should show it in words and actions
his emphasis on austerity and
simplicity often went to the
extreme and was said to have lived
Epicur
philosophy
us enabl
couldto live a life ofe
man
happiness
his views gave t
Epicureanism
rise – a
o
philosophy
schoolwhich
of
that wisdom believes
living
and will resultsimple
in
a life free of
fear and pain
Socrates
considered the foremost
philosopher of ancient times
hedid not claim to be “wise”
merely considered and himself a
“midwife” that helped
inquiring minds achieve
wisdom
believed that philosophy could
enable a man to live a life of
virtue.
formulated the Socratic
Method – a means of
examining a topic by devising
Plato
a student of Socrates, he wrote
down his mentor’s teachings and
incorporated some of his own
ideas
his teachings and writings
were considered the foundation
of Western philosophy
dialectic – a method of inquiry
where two opposing ideas are
discussed in an attempt to arrive
at new knowledge
founded the Academy – an
Aristo
he tle
attended academy
prominent
the student of
andPlato
all ideas and views are
based on perception and our
reality is based on what we can
sense and perceive
studied logic that led
to the formulation of a
formal process of analyzing
reasoning which gave rise to
deductive reasoning – the
process of which specific
COGNITIVE
BRANCHES: Metaphysics
deals with questions
regarding reality and
existence
Ontology
Philosophical
Anthropology – studies the
metaphysical nature of man.
Epistemology
discusses the nature of
NORMATIVE
BRANCHES: Ethics
the branch which deals with
moral questions and
dilemmas. It tells how human
being ought to function as
human being.
Politics
defines the principle of a
proper social system
Aesthetics
deals with beauty and what
Philosophy of the Human
Person understands the
human person from a
philosophical perspective
– integrating and
synthesizing the different
branches of philosophy
and other fields
of study to know the
truth about the
human
Practical Uses of Philosophy in Our Lives:
1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical
analysis and interpretation of concepts,
definitions, arguments, and problems.
2. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and
decision making.
3. A philosopher is a good communicator who can
clearly and adequately present his or her ideas.
4.Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing
that refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge
to daily life particularly in making sound choices and
We all the potential
have to we
philosophize since th
have
e tendency to wonder and
possess
doubt. the
We capacity to reflect
on our experiences, and we
have a never- ending need
to learn and discover. The
need to philosophize is traced
to a person’s sense of
wonder (Plato) and doubt
(Rene Descartes), the need to
make sense of
The study of philosophy
can be considered as a way of
analyzing ideas and
frameworks. It is also
considered as a way of
examining a particular area of
knowledge. Philosophy itself
is a discipline with its own
goals, concerns, and ways of
doing things. It also makes
use of information gathered
from other fields of
Answer briefly and concisely.
1. What are the reasons that compel
a person to engage in philosophical
thinking? (3 points)
2. How can you as a person
benefit from philosophizing? (2
