E.X 3.

1. Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as
you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old
as you will be.” (Isn’t this interesting?) Represent this situation
algebraically and graphically.

2. The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs.3900. Later,
she buys another bat and 3 more balls of the same kind for Rs.1300.
Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically.

3. The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day was found to be

Rs.160. After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is
Rs.300. Represent the situation algebraically and geometrically.
 EX. 3.2
1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find
their solutions graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number
of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and
girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens
together cost 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.

• 2. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more

than its width, is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden.

• 3. Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0.

Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by
 EX. 3.3
• 1. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and
find their solution by substitution method.
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is
three times the other. Find them.
(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by
18 degrees. Find them.
(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs.3800.
Later, she buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs.1750. Find the cost of each
bat and each ball.
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with
the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the
charge paid is Rs 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs
155. What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much
does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?
(v) A fraction becomes 9/11 , if 2 is added to both the numerator and
the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the
denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his
son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What
are their present ages?
 EX.3.4
1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find
their solutions (if they exist) by the elimination method:
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a
fraction reduces to 1. It becomes if we only add 1 to the denominator.
What is the fraction?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri
will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu? (
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times
this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the
digits. Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs.2000. She asked the cashier
to give her Rs.50 and Rs.100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find
how many notes of Rs.50 and Rs.100 she received.
(v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an
additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs.27 for a book
kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs.21 for the book she kept for five
days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
 EX. 3.5
1. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find
their solutions (if they exist) by any algebraic method:
(i) A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends
on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student
A takes food for 20 days she has to pay Rs.1000 as hostel charges
whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs.1180 as
hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.
(ii) A fraction becomes 1/3 when 1 is subtracted from the numerator
and it becomes 1/4 when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the
fraction.
(iii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right
answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been
awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each
incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many
(iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from
A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same
direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel
towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the
two cars?
(v) The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is
reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase
the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by
67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
 EX. 3.6

1. Formulate the following problems as a pair of equations, and hence

find their solutions:
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2
hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the
current.
(ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4
days, while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time
taken by 1 woman alone to finish the work, and also that taken by 1
man alone.
(iii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus.
She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining by
bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes
10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.
 EX. 3.7

• 1. The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani’s father
Dharam is twice as old as Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy.
The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the ages of Ani
and Biju.

• 2. One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as

rich as you”. The other replies, “If you give me ten, I shall be six times as
rich as you”. Tell me what is the amount of their (respective) capital?
[From the Bijaganita of Bhaskara II] [Hint : x + 100 = 2(y – 100), y + 10 =
6(x – 10)].

• 3. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train

would have been 10 km/h faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than
the scheduled time. And, if the train were slower by 10 km/h; it would
have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the distance
covered by the train.
• 4. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are
extra in a row, there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a
row, there would be 2 rows more. Find the number of students in the
class.
• 6. Draw the graphs of the equations 5x – y = 5 and 3x – y = 3.
Determine the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by
these lines and the y axis.
• 8. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral (see Fig. 3.7). Find the angles of the
cyclic quadrilateral.