Chapter 7
WEB Security
Henric Johnson
Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden
http://www.its.bth.se/staff/hjo/
[email protected]
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Outline
• Web Security Considerations
• Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
• Secure Electronic Transaction
(SET)
• Recommended Reading and WEB
Sites
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Web Security
Considerations
• The WEB is very visible.
• Complex software hide many
security flaws.
• Web servers are easy to configure
and manage.
• Users are not aware of the risks.
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Security facilities in the
TCP/IP protocol stack
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SSL and TLS
• SSL was originated by Netscape
• TLS working group was formed
within IETF
• First version of TLS can be viewed
as an SSLv3.1
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SSL Architecture
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SSL Record Protocol
Operation
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SSL Record Format
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SSL Record Protocol
Payload
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Handshake Protocol
• The most complex part of SSL.
• Allows the server and client to
authenticate each other.
• Negotiate encryption, MAC
algorithm and cryptographic keys.
• Used before any application data
are transmitted.
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Handshake Protocol
Action
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Transport Layer
Security
• The same record format as the SSL record format.
• Defined in RFC 2246.
• Similar to SSLv3.
• Differences in the:
– version number
– message authentication code
– pseudorandom function
– alert codes
– cipher suites
– client certificate types
– certificate_verify and finished message
– cryptographic computations
– padding
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Secure Electronic
Transactions
• An open encryption and security
specification.
• Protect credit card transaction on the
Internet.
• Companies involved:
– MasterCard, Visa, IBM, Microsoft,
Netscape, RSA, Terisa and Verisign
• Not a payment system.
• Set of security protocols and formats.
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SET Services
• Provides a secure communication
channel in a transaction.
• Provides tust by the use of
X.509v3 digital certificates.
• Ensures privacy.
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SET Overview
• Key Features of SET:
– Confidentiality of information
– Integrity of data
– Cardholder account
authentication
– Merchant authentication
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SET Participants
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Sequence of events for
transactions
1. The customer opens an account.
2. The customer receives a certificate.
3. Merchants have their own certificates.
4. The customer places an order.
5. The merchant is verified.
6. The order and payment are sent.
7. The merchant request payment authorization.
8. The merchant confirm the order.
9. The merchant provides the goods or service.
10. The merchant requests payments.
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Dual Signature
DS EKRc [ H ( H ( PI ) || H(OI))]
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Payment processing
Cardholder sends Purchase Request
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Payment processing
Merchant Verifies Customer Purchase
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Payment processing
• Payment Authorization:
– Authorization Request
– Authorization Response
• Payment Capture:
– Capture Request
– Capture Response
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Recommended Reading
and WEB sites
• Drew, G. Using SET for Secure Electronic
Commerce. Prentice Hall, 1999
• Garfinkel, S., and Spafford, G. Web
Security & Commerce. O’Reilly and
Associates, 1997
• MasterCard SET site
• Visa Electronic Commerce Site
• SETCo (documents and glossary of
terms)
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