CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

• On-demand delivery of IT resources via the Internet
with pay-as-you-go pricing.
• Easy access to technology building blocks such as
computing power, storage, databases and other
purpose built services , on an as-needed basis.
• Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical
data centres and servers, it is better to access
technology services, from a Cloud Service
Provider(CSP).
 Who uses cloud computing?
• Organizations are using the cloud for a wide variety of use
cases, such as data backup, disaster recovery, email, virtual
desktops, software development and testing, big data
analytics, and customer-facing web applications.
• Healthcare companies are using the cloud to develop more
personalized treatments for patients.
• Financial services companies are using the cloud to power
real-time fraud detection and prevention.
• Video game makers are using the cloud to deliver online
games to millions of players around the world.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
•On-demand self-services
•Broad network access
•Rapid elasticity
•Resource pooling
•Measured service
On-demand self-services

• The Cloud computing services does not require any

human administrators, user themselves are able to
provision, monitor and manage computing resources
as needed.
• Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services
and resources on demand.
• One can logon to a website at any time and use them.
Broad network access
• Computing services are generally provided
over standard networks and heterogeneous
devices.
• Cloud computing is completely web based,
it can be accessed from anywhere and at any
time.
Rapid elasticity
• The Computing services should have IT resources that
are able to scale out and in quickly and on as needed
basis.
• Scaling of resources means the ability of resources to
deal with increasing or decreasing demand.
• It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or
horizontally at any time.
• The resources being used by customers at any given
point of time are automatically monitored.
Resource pooling
• IT resource like networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services; are shared across
multiple applications and occupant in an
uncommitted manner.
• Multiple clients are provided service from a
same physical resource.
• Multiple tenants share a pool of resources.
 Measured service
• The resource utilization is tracked for each
application and occupant, it will provide both the
user and the resource provider with an account of
what has been used.
• This is done for various reasons like monitoring
billing and effective use of resource.
Cloud Computing Service Models

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Computing Service Models
Cloud Computing Service Models
Cloud Computing Service Models
Cloud Service Hierarchy
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service, contains the basic building
blocks for cloud IT and typically provide access to
networking features, computers, virtual or on dedicated
hardware, and data storage space.
• Infrastructure as a Service provides the highest level of
flexibility and management control over IT resources and
is most similar to existing IT resources that many IT
departments and developers are familiar with today.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Platforms as a service remove the need for organizations
to manage the underlying infrastructure; hardware and
operating systems and allows to focus on the
deployment and management of applications.
• Its more efficient as there is no need to worry about
resource procurement, capacity planning, software
maintenance, patching, or any of the other
undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running
application.
Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Software as a Service provides a completed product

that is run and managed by the service provider.
• Software as a Service refers to end-user applications.
• With a SaaS offering no need to think about how the
service is maintained or how the underlying
infrastructure is managed; just need to think about how
to use that particular piece of software.
• Example of a SaaS application is web-based email.
 Cloud deployment models
1.Public cloud
2.Private cloud
3.Hybrid cloud
4.Community cloud
Public Cloud
• A cloud service offered to multiple customers by a cloud
provider.
• Public clouds are managed by third parties which provide
cloud services over the internet to the public.
• Offers solutions for minimizing IT infrastructure costs and
become a good option for handling peak loads on the local
infrastructure.
• The fundamental characteristics of public clouds are
multitenancy.
Private Cloud
• Deploying resources on-premises, using virtualization and
resource management tools, is called “private cloud”.
• On-premises deployment does not provide many of the
benefits of cloud computing but is sometimes sought for its
ability to provide dedicated resources.
• In most cases this deployment model is the same as legacy
IT infrastructure while using application management and
virtualization technologies to try and increase resource
utilization.
Hybrid Cloud

• A hybrid deployment is a way to connect infrastructure

and applications between cloud-based resources and
existing resources that are not located in the cloud.
• The most common method of hybrid deployment is
between the cloud and existing on-premises
infrastructure to extend, and grow, an organization's
infrastructure into the cloud while connecting cloud
resources to internal system.
Community Cloud

• Several companies with the same backgrounds

share the cloud server.
• If all organizations or companies have the same
set of security protocols and performance
requirements, and goals, this multi-tenant
architecture can help them save cost and boost
efficiency.
• This model can be used in the case of project
development, implementation, and maintenance.
 Benefits of Cloud
• Agility & Innovation:
-Compute capacity to meet business needs.
-Faster integration & development of new business models
with clients & business partners.
• Client Expectations:
-Quick develop, test & rollout new products/features to users &
customers.
-Infra availability 24X7.No down time.
• Risk Mitigation:
-Enhanced information & cyber security.
Benefits of Cloud
• Cost Management:
-Greater cost transparency & control.
-Reduced spend on hardware & facilities &
associated operations by on demand usage.
• Efficiency:
-Ability to acquire IT services & automation of
software development & maintenance processes.
Technologies behind cloud computing

• Virtualization
• Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Grid Computing
• Utility Computing
 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

• SOA is an application framework which takes everyday business

applications and divides them into separate business functions and
processes called Services.
• SOA allows a user to get cloud services as per the requirements of a
business.
• Service-oriented system diffuses two major components, one is Quality
as service and other as software as service.
• The function of Quality of service is to identify the function and
behaviour of a service from a different view.
• Software as a service provides a new delivery model of software which
is inherited from the world of application service providers.
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Grid Computing
• It is a technology type in which you connect different servers
from multiple resources to achieve a common goal.
• These servers get placed in a grid, connected by the parallel
nodes to form a cluster, which the user can access from a
laptop, supercomputer, or a PC.
Utility Computing
• This process relies on the pay-per-utilize model.
• It gives computational services on demand for a
metered benefit.
• It mainly helps in cost-cutting by reducing initial
investment.
• As the computing requirements for a business change,
the billing also changes accordingly, without acquiring
any additional cost.
• If the client usage has decreased, then billing cost also
reduces accordingly.
Virtualization
• Virtualization is a technique that allows sharing of one
physical instance of an application or resource between
multiple customers or organization.
• Virtualization allows a computer to share its hardware
resources with multiple digitally separated environments.
• It is a process of creating a virtual environment to enable
multiple activities to run on a single server.
• It can be a virtual version of storage devices, cloud network,
servers or a combination of these resources.
• Thus a single physical source is shared amongst multiple
virtual applications, giving access to a set of customers.
 How Virtualization works?
• Each virtualized environment runs within its allocated resources, such
as memory, processing power, and storage.
• It is done by assigning a logical name to a physical resource and
providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
• Virtual software mimics the functions of physical hardware to run
multiple virtual machines simultaneously on a single physical machine.
• With virtualization, organizations can switch between different
operating systems on the same server without rebooting.
• Businesses use virtualization to use their hardware resources efficiently
and get greater returns from their investment.
• It also powers cloud computing services that help organizations
manage infrastructure more efficiently.
VIRTUALIZATION
Example:
• Consider a company that needs servers for three functions:
1.Store business email securely
-more storage capacity and a Windows operating system
2.Run a customer-facing application
-Linux OS and high processing power to handle large
volumes of website traffic.
3.Run internal business applications
- iOS and more internal memory (RAM)
SOLUTION 1:
Efficient hardware use

• With virtualization, the company creates three digital

servers, or virtual machines, on a single physical
server.
• It specifies the operating system requirements for the
virtual machines and can use them like the physical
servers.
• Thus the company now has less hardware and fewer
related expenses.
SOLUTION 2:
Infrastructure as a service

• The company can go one step further and use a cloud

instance or virtual machine from a cloud computing provider
such as AWS.
• AWS manages all the underlying hardware, and the company
can request server resources with varying configurations.
• All the applications run on these virtual servers without the
users noticing any difference.
• Server management also becomes easier for the company’s
IT team.
CONCEPTS IN VIRTUALIZATION

•Virtual machines
•Hypervisors
Virtual machine

• A virtual machine is a software-defined computer that runs

on a physical computer with a separate operating system and
computing resources.
• The physical computer is called the host machine and virtual
machines are guest machines.
• Multiple virtual machines can run on a single physical
machine.
• Virtual machines are abstracted from the computer hardware
by a hypervisor.
 Hypervisor
• The hypervisor is a software component that manages multiple virtual
machines in a computer.
• The hypervisor is the virtualization software installed on physical
machine. It is a software layer that acts as an intermediary between the
virtual machines and the underlying hardware or host operating
system.
• The hypervisor coordinates access to the physical environment so that
several virtual machines have access to their own share of physical
resources.
• There are two types of hypervisors.
-Type 1 hypervisor/Bare-metal hypervisor/Native Hypervisor
-Type 2 hypervisor/Hosted hypervisor/Hosted Hypervisor
Type 1 hypervisor/Bare-metal hypervisor/Native
Hypervisor
• Runs directly on the computer hardware.
• It has some operating system capabilities and is
highly efficient because it interacts directly
with the physical resources.
Type 2 hypervisor/Hosted
hypervisor/Hosted Hypervisor
• Type 2 hypervisor is installed on an operating
system.
• Use this type of hypervisor when running
multiple operating systems on a single machine.
Types of Virtualization

• Hardware Virtualization
• Operating system Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization
• If the Virtual Machine Manager(VMM) or Virtual
Machine Software(VMS) is directly installed on the
hardware system, it is called as Hardware
virtualization.
• The hardware virtualization is used for the server
platform because controlling a virtual machine is
easier than controlling a physical server.
 Operating System Virtualization

• If the Virtual Machine Manager(VMM) or Virtual Machine

Software(VMS) is installed on the Host Operating System
rather than being directly installed on the hardware system, it
is called as Operating System Virtualization.
• Operating System Virtualization is done for testing the
applications on various platforms of OS.
Server Virtualization

• If the Virtual Machine Manager(VMM) or Virtual

Machine Software(VMS) is directly installed on the
server system, it is called as Server Virtualization.
• If single physical server is divided into multiple
servers for balancing the load on demand basis, then
Server Virtualization is used.
 Storage Virtualization

• The process of grouping the physical storage from

multiple network storage devices is known as Storage
virtualization.
• After grouping multiple storage devices to the
physical storage it looks like a single storage device.
• Storage virtualization is used for back-up and recovery
purposes.
•Is virtualization
different from cloud
computing?
Is virtualization different from cloud computing?

•Virtualization technology
makes cloud computing
possible.
Some cloud security best practices are:

• Shared responsibility for security

• Data encryption
• User identity and access management
• Collaborative management
• Security and compliance monitoring
Major issues in Cloud Computing
• Privacy
• Compliance
• Security
• Sustainability
• Abuse
• Higher Cost
• Recovery of lost data in contingency
• Upkeeping(management) of Cloud
• Lack of resources/skilled expertise
• Pay-per-use service charges
 Data Center
• A data center is a physical facility that centralizes an
organization’s IT operations and equipment for the purposes
of storing, processing and disseminating data and
applications.
• Data centers house an organization's most critical and
proprietary assets, so they are vital to the continuity of daily
operations.
• Data center design includes routers, switches,
firewalls, storage systems, servers, and application delivery
controllers.
Data centers are designed to support business applications and activities
that include:

• Email and file sharing

• Productivity applications
• Customer relationship management (CRM)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and databases
• Big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning
• Virtual desktops, communications and collaboration
services
 Types of Data Centers

• Enterprise data centers:

-These are constructed, owned and utilized by companies for their own
internal computing needs.
-Enterprise data centers are custom-built to meet the requirements of the
organizations who own them and are housed on-premises.
• Managed services data centers:
-Managed data centers are deployed, managed and monitored by third-
party service providers.
-Companies opt for a leasing model and can access data center features
and functions using a managed service platform.
-This eliminates the need to purchase equipment and infrastructure.
 Types of Data Centers
• Colocation data centers:
-Colocation data centers allow businesses to rent space within an
off-premises physical facility which hosts the infrastructure,
including power supplies, cooling and security.
-The business provides and manages its own components, such as
computing hardware and servers.
• Cloud data centers:
-This is an off-premises variation of a data center.
-Cloud-based data centers offer businesses leased, hosted
infrastructure, which is managed by a third-party service provider,
allowing customers to access resources via the internet.
CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDERS
AMAZON WEB SERVICES(AWS)
 AWS
• AWS is a set of remote cloud computing services offered over the internet.
• AWS offers a broad set of global cloud-based products including compute,
storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, developer tools,
management tools, IoT, security, and enterprise applications: on-demand,
available in seconds, with pay-as-you-go pricing.
• In 2006, Amazon Web Services (AWS) began offering IT infrastructure
services to businesses as web services.
• AWS provides a highly reliable, scalable, low-cost infrastructure platform in
the cloud that powers hundreds of thousands of businesses in 190 countries
around the world.
• From data warehousing to deployment tools, directories to content delivery,
over 200 AWS services are available.
 AWS Cloud services
• Analytics • Database • Media Services
• Application Integration • Developer Tools • Migration & Transfer
• AR & VR • End User Computing • Networking & Content
• Blockchain • Front-End Web & Mobile Delivery
• Business Applications • Game Technologies • Quantum Technologies

• Cloud Financial • Internet of Things • Robotics

Management • Machine Learning • Satellite
• Compute • Management & • Security, Identity, &
• Containers Governance Compliance
• Storage
BENEFITS OF AWS

• Trade fixed expense for variable expense

• Benefit from massive economies of scale
• No need to guess capacity
• Increase speed and agility
• Avoid spends on running and maintaining data centers
• Go global in minutes
 HOW TO ACCESS AWS SERVICES?
• AWS Management Console
-A simple and intuitive user interface to access and manage.
-Use the AWS Management Console Application to quickly view resources
on the go.
• AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
-A unified tool to manage AWS services.
-With just one tool to download and configure, it is possible to control
multiple AWS services from the command line and automate them through
scripts.
• Software Development Kits(SDKs)
Simplify using AWS services in our applications with an Application
Program Interface (API) tailored to the programming language or platform.
AWS Well Architected Framework
• AWS Well-Architected framework helps cloud architects build
secure, high-performing, resilient, and efficient infrastructure for a
variety of applications and workloads.
• Built around six pillars—operational excellence, security, reliability,
performance efficiency, cost optimization, and sustainability.
• Provides a consistent approach for customers and partners to
evaluate architectures and implement scalable designs.
• Includes domain-specific lenses, hands-on labs, and the AWS Well-
Architected Tool.
• Available at no cost in the AWS Management Console.
• Provides a mechanism for regularly evaluating workloads,
identifying high-risk issues, and recording improvements.
AWS Global Infrastructure

• The most secure, extensive, and reliable Global Cloud Infrastructure, for all
applications.
• AWS Cloud infrastructure is built around AWS Regions and Availability
Zones.
• An AWS Region is a physical location in the world where we have multiple
Availability Zones.
• Availability Zones consist of one or more discrete data centers, each with
redundant power, networking, and connectivity, housed in separate facilities.
• Availability Zones offers the ability to operate production applications and
databases that are more highly available, fault tolerant, and scalable than would
be possible from a single data center.
• The AWS Cloud spans 99 Availability Zones within 31 geographic regions
around the world.
• 400+ Edge Locations(Local points of presence)
AWS Vocabulary
Soft Limits:
• Constraints imposed by AWS which can be changed on request.
• Ex: No of VPCs allowed per region per account(5).
Hard Limits:
• Constraints imposed by AWS which cannot be changed.
• Ex:5TB limit on a S3 bucket.
Fully Managed Services:
• Completely managed and supported by AWS.
• Ex: Aurora DB
Security and compliance

• The AWS Cloud enables a shared responsibility model.

• While AWS manages security of the cloud, you are responsible for
security in the cloud.
• AWS provides security-specific tools and features across network
security, configuration management, access control, and data
encryption.
• AWS environments are continuously audited, with certifications from
accreditation bodies across geographies and verticals.
• Compliance is a shared responsibility between AWS and the customer.
• The IT infrastructure that AWS provides to its customers is designed
and managed in alignment with best security practices and a variety of
IT security standards.