Internet of Things
Transforming the Connected World
Nida Faisal & Fatima
Javed
BS Psychology - 1A
Date: 26 May 2025
Introduction to IoT
• The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a
network of physical devices embedded
with sensors, software, and Smart
connectivity to exchange data. Home
• Term was coined in 1999 by Kevin Air Refrigerator
Conditioner
Ashton.
• IoT is the Key for digital transformation
in many industries including Hospitals,
Schools, Homes and offices Smart
TV Lights
2
How IoT Works
• Sensor/Device
• ~ Collects data from the environment.
• Connectivity
• ~ Sends data to the cloud via Wi-Fi, LTE,
etc.
• Data Processing
• ~ Cloud processes the data.
• User Interface
• ~Insights delivered to users (app,
dashboard).
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What is IoT
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Applications of IoT
•Smart Home – Smart lights,
thermostats
•Healthcare – Remote patient
monitoring
•Industrial IoT – Predictive
maintenance
•Agriculture – Smart irrigation
systems
5
Benefits of IoT
Automation
Efficiency
Real-Time Monitoring
Improved Decision-
Making
6
IoT Market Size USD
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
IoT Market Size USD
IoT Market Growth
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Challenges and Risks
Security Risks –
Unsecured devices
Data Privacy –
Exposure of personal
info
Interoperability –
Compatibility issues
Scalability – Managing
millions of devices 8
Future Trends in
IoT
• Integration with AI/ML
• Use of 5G for ultra-low latency
• Blockchain for device identity
• Autonomous decision-making
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Impact on Daily Life
Smart fridges, fitness Connected cars, voice Smart offices with
trackers, smart assistants automated lighting
meters
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IoT & Sustainability
•IoT enables energy savings through smart grids and
meters.
•Smart agriculture reduces water waste.
•Emissions tracking in real-time
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IoT and
Cybersecurity
•Threats:
• Botnets (Mirai)
• Ransomware
•Security Best Practices:
• Firmware updates
• Device authentication
• Data encryption
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Real-World IoT Projects
• Barcelona Smart City: Smart
lighting, waste bins, parking
sensors.
• Amazon Go: Checkout-free
shopping using IoT and AI.
• Smart Farming (John Deere):
Tractors with IoT sensors for soil &
crop health.
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Popular IoT Platform Purpose
Example Use
Case
Tools & Arduino
Hardware
prototyping
DIY Smart
home projects
Platforms
Edge Industrial
Raspberry Pi
computing monitoring
AWS IoT Cloud data Remote device
Core processing control
Google Data ingestion Predictive
Cloud IoT & ML maintenance
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Careers in IoT IoT Solutions Architect
Embedded Systems Engineer
IoT Security Specialist
Data Analyst (IoT)
Network Engineer (Edge/IoT)
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Thank You!
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