Kabul university

Engineering faculty
Architecture department

Orthographic Projection
Multiview Drawings

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 Topics to be covered to day

• Introduction to Multiview drawings

• Glass box method
• Standard Views
• View alignment
• Multi view projection
• Inclined and curved surfaces

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 Isometric
s
Axonome
tric Dimetric
Projection
Trimetric

Plan
Cavalier
Oblique oblique
Projection Elevation
Cabinet
oblique

General
Drawing system
First angle

To day’s topic
Second
Orthograph angle
Multiview
ic
drawing Third
Projection
angle
One point
perspective Fourth
Perspecti angle
Two point
ve
perspective
Projection
Three point
perspective
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 Mulitview Drawings
Multiview drawing is a technique used to depict a three-
dimensional object (an object having height, width and
depth) as a group of related two-dimensional (having
only width and height, or width and depth) views

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Example
• Below is a three-dimensional (3D) image of a
school bus, and while a 3D view of the bus is
very helpful in visualizing its overall shape, it
doesn’t show the viewer all of the sides of the
bus, or the true length, width, or height of the
bus.

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Mulitview Drawings
The Multiview drawing of the bus is represented by six
views, the front, top, sides, back and bottom.

Top View

Back View Front View

Left View Right View

Bottom View 6
 The Glass Box Method
• How do we create the 6 principle views?
– Glass Box Method:

• The object is placed in a glass box.

• The image of the object is projected on the
sides of the box.
• The box is unfolded.
• The sides of the box are the principle views.

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 The Glass Box Method

The object is placed in a

glass box

The side of the box

represent the 6 principle
planes.

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 The Glass Box Method

 The image of the

object is
projected on the
sides of the box.

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 The Glass Box Method

 Things to notice!
 The projection
planes.
 The projectors.
 How surfaces A
and B are
projected.

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 The Glass Box Method

 The box is unfolded

creating the 6
principle views.

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The Glass Box Method

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The Glass Box Method

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Depth

Depth

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 Standard Views
• When constructing an orthographic
projection, we need to include enough views
to completely describe the true shape of the
part.
– Complex part = more views
– Simple part = less views

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 Standard Views
• The standard views used in an orthographic
projection are;
– Front view
– Top view
– Right side view

• The remaining 3 views usually don’t add any

new information.

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Standard Views
Top view

Front view Right side view

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Standard Views

Depth
Width
Height

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 View Alignment
There are four methods for views drawing in architecture:
the object was placed in each quadrant called the same
quadrant for example
• First angle
• Second angle
• Third angle
• And fourth angle

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 First angle View Alignment
• The right side and front
views are aligned
horizontally and share the
same width dimension.

• The front and top side views

are aligned vertically and
share the same height
dimension. But the top view
is bellow the front view
• This method used in Indian
and European countries.

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 Second angle View Alignment
• The top and front views are
aligned vertically and share the Front view Side view
same width dimension. By this
characteristic: the top view is
bellow the front view
• The front and right side views
are aligned horizontally and Top view
share the same height
dimension.
• Second angle projection not
commonly used because
ambiguous and less resalable
drawings.

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 Third angle View Alignment
• The top and front views
are aligned vertically and
share the same width
dimension.

• The front and right side

views are aligned
horizontally and share the
same height dimension.
• This method used in USA

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 fourth angle View Alignment
• The top and front views are
aligned vertically and share Top view
the same width dimension.

• The front and right side

views are aligned Side view
horizontally and share the Front view
same height dimension.
• Fourth angle projection not
commonly used because
ambiguous and less resalable
drawings.

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 MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Three principle dimensions … can be presented only
of an object … two in each view.

Adjacent view(s)

Depth
is needed to
Height fulfill the size
description.

Width Depth
Height

Width Depth
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Visible, Center, and Hidden lines

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 ONE-VIEW DRAWING
Flat part having a uniform thickness.

Unnecessary

This view provide only information

about the part thickness !
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 TWO-VIEW DRAWING
There exists an identical view.

Repeat !

Unnecessary

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 TWO-VIEW DRAWING
The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
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 Inclined and curved surfaces
Inclined and curved surface is visible in two views in the same time
and in third view can be seen as inclined line

D
H W

W D

H
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Inclined and curved surfaces

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Inclined and curved surfaces

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 Isometric sketch
How to draw isometric multi view
A

L
O

J
C
J L
B

O O

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 Isometric sketch
Step.1

Begin by sketching the

object as if it were a solid
cube. This defines the
basic shape of the object.
The measurements of
overall Width (A), Height
(B) and Depth (C) are
transferred from the
orthographic to the
isometric. O

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 Isometric sketch
Step 2

The measurements
J, K and L are
transferred to the
isometric grid to
locate the corners of
the oblique plane.
The oblique surface
is drawn by
connecting the
corners.

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EXAMPLE B

45°

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EXAMPLE B

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EXAMPLE B

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EXAMPLE B

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EXAMPLE B

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Thanks from your attention!

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