Building Construction RAR -202
CARPENTRY JOINTS
Joints between two wooden pieces
Classification
• Lengthening
Joints
• Widening
Joints Lengthening Joint
•Fasteners,
Bearing Fish plates,
Widening Joint
Joint
adhesives, wooden
pieces/Keys are used to
join them.
Lengthening Joints
Lengthening Joints are used for increasing the Length of
timber pieces. It Is a joint between two members running
in the same direction.
4 types of lengthening joints
1) Lapped Joint
2) Fished Joint
3) Scarfed or Spliced Joint
4) Tabled Joint
LAPPED JOINT
Two timber pieces are placed one over the
other with a small overlap and binded with
the help of bolts and iron straps.
Fished Joint
Wooden
pieces are
placed
touching
each other
and
wooden or
iron
fishplates
are placed
on each
face,
overlapping
both the
pieces.
Scarfed or Spliced Joint
Two wooden
pieces are placed
such that
projection of one
piece is matched
with depression
on other piece. Splice Joints Scarfed Joints
They both are A tapered cut
then tied with yield a scarfed
bolts, straps, joint, the two
fishplates , keys tapered pieces
etc. slide over each
other and then
strengthened.
Spliced and scarfed joints
Tabled Joint
Similar to scarfed joint but special shape is cut into both the pieces and they are
secured with bolts, fish plates and keys.
Widening Joints
• Widening Joints are made to extend the width of
narrow boards by joining them edge to edge. Also called
side joints or boarding joints.
• Different joints for widening are
• BUTT JOINT/ RUBBED JOINT
• SPLAYED JOINT
• TONGUE & GROOVE JOINT
• DOWELLED & BISCUIT JOINT
• DOVETAILED JOINT
Butt Joint & Splayed Joint
Butt Joint --End of two wooden pieces are butted together and
binded with glue or nails. It’s the weakest kind of Joint.
Also known as plain/ ordinary/straight/square Joint.
Splayed Joint – formed by splaying the edge of wooden pieces, It is consided better
than butt joint.
REBATED JOINT
Rebate is cut in one piece and corresponding rebate is cut in adjascent piece,
overlapping both the pieces.
TONGUE & GROOVE JOINT
It is Stronger than Butt joint with more glueing surface.
1) Used for Flooring, panelling etc.
2)Matched and V jointed
3)Additional rebate in T&G Joint
4)Groove in the centre with loose
tongue
3) Tongue & Groove
4) V Jointed T&G Joint
5) Rebated T&G
6)
Loose Tongue or
Ploughed
T&G Effect of
shrinkage is
DOWELLED JOINT & BISCUIT JOINT
Formed by making a groove in the centre of each piece and inserting a dowel/
biscuit of wood /metal /slate in between to make it strong.
Dowel Joint
Biscuit Joint
DOVETAILED JOINT
• Formed by dovetail
shaped keys in the
corresponding
grooves provided in
adjascent pieces.
BEARING JOINT
• Bearing Joint is provided when two members meet
at right angles.
• 1) Halved Joint
• 2) Notched Joint
• 3)Housed Joint
• 4)Mortice and Tennon Joint-Chase Mortice Joint
- Stub/ stump Joint
• 5)Dovetailed Joint
• 6)Bridle Joint
Halved Joint
Formed by cutting half the depth of each member meeting
at right angle or crossing over. The two half
Thickness of both the parts
make full thickness.
• Cross Halving Joint
• Angle halving
Joint/corner
• Tee Halving joint
• Dovetail Halving Joint
Used for furniture, frames,
rails etc
HOUSED JOINT
Formed by cutting a slot or Dado in a piece and fitting other piece in it.
Used for Book Cases, partitions for cupboards, shelves,
dividers for boxes etc.
BRIDLE JOINT
General framing joint.
similar to Mortice &
Tennon except the or pin
and slot are extend across
the full width of timber .
Used for making narrow frames.
Door, windows, Tables, chairs etc
MORTICE &TENON JOINT
Formed by cutting a square tongue (Tenon) at the end of one piece
and an equal size of hole/slot (Mortice) in the corresponding
piece. Mostly used when they join at right angle.
Large Glue area gives more strength.
Bareface Mortice Stub Mortice/shallow
Widely Used for Frames, Doors, Tables and Chairs
MORTICE &TENON JOINT
Stopped M&T Joint
Wedged M&T Joint
Twin M&T Joint
Haunched M&T Joint
Wedges can be used to
tighten the joint.
Twin mortice give more
glue area for better
DOVETAIL JOINT
Dovetail shaped.It is a strong joint.
Dovetail joint tightens when a pulling
force is applied.
Lapped Dovetail Joint
Used for drawers, boxes etc
Finger Joint
Used in place of Dovetail
Joint.
DOWEL JOINT
Dowel is a wooden cylinder. Dowel holes are drilled and
Dowels are glued in it. It is not visible from outside.
.
Dowel joint can be used to increase the strength of Butt and Mitre
joint or in place of Mortice & Tennon
Mitre Joint
Mitred Joints make joints disappear, give clean look.
Corner Joint which can be strengthened by Loose Tongue/ biscuits / splines or
Dowels.
Used for frames, Chaukhats etc.
Example
Example
Operations in carpentry
Workshop
• Sawing
• Plaining
• Chiseling
• Rebating
• Assembling
Tools used for Carpentry
CLAW
HAND PLANE
HAND SAW
POWER DRILL
CIRCULAR SAW
NAIL GUN
TABLE SAW
Carpentry
Tools
Credits and References
Wood Materials Technology: 23 Joints by EDCO Digital
Watch the video
Carpentry Joints by Keerthana P M
