THE PROBLEM AND ITS
BACKGROUND
Recall the concepts
of Writing Research
Title
The BACKGROUND OF
RESEARCH,
also known as the background
of the study,
is a section in a research paper
or proposal that provides
context and relevant
information about the topic.
It helps the reader understand
why the research is
Key Points:
Explains the situation or issue related
to the topic.
Briefly discusses existing research or
facts.
Shows what is lacking or not yet
solved.
Explains why the study is worth
doing.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Clear and Concise (uses simple, direct language,
Avoids unnecessary jargon or overly long
explanations)
Relevant (focuses only on information directly
related to the research topic, avoids going off-topic
or including unrelated facts)
Contextual (provides background information
that helps readers understand the problem)
Well-Researched (refers to credible sources and
previous studies (briefly), shows that the
researcher understands the topic area
Problem-Oriented (leads naturally to the
research problem or question, identifies
what is missing, lacking, or needing
further investigation)
Logical Flow (organized from general to
specific ideas, each sentence connects
smoothly to the next)
Justifies the Study (explains the
significance of the study, shows how it fills
a gap or addresses a specific issue)
INTRODUCTION
It is important in establishing the cognitive
setting of the research. It has the following
elements:
Rationalization of the need to research on
the problem
Clarification of important terminologies for
the reader to easily understand what the
research is about
Establishment of the degree of seriousness
of the problem which prompted the
researcher to look for solutions
Parts of a Background of the Study:
Introduction to the Topic
Start with a general overview of the research area.
Define important terms or key concepts if necessary.
Example: “Reading comprehension is a critical skill for academic
success…”
Current Situation or Issue
Describe what is happening now related to the topic.
Share facts, statistics, or observations.
Example: “Recent studies show that many students struggle with
understanding reading passages…”
Review of Related Literature (Brief)
Mention previous studies or findings relevant to your topic.
Highlight what researchers have already found.
Example: “According to Smith (2020), there is a strong link between
reading skills and test scores…”
Review of Related Literature (Brief)
Mention previous studies or findings relevant to your topic.
Highlight what researchers have already found.
Example: “According to Smith (2020), there is a strong link between
reading skills and test scores…”
Gap in Knowledge or Problem Statement
Point out what is missing or not yet solved in previous research.
Identify the specific issue your study will focus on.
Example: “However, few studies have explored this relationship among
senior high school students…”
Rationale or Justification
Explain why your study is important and worth conducting.
Show how it will benefit readers, schools, society, etc.
Example: “This study aims to provide insights that can help improve
reading programs in schools…”
GUIDE QUESTIONS TO ANSWER FOR
FORMULATING THE INTRODUCTION
1. What is the rationale of the problem?
2. What is the setting of the problem?
3.What is the basic literature foundation of the
study?
4.How serious is the chosen research problem
5.What is the general objective of the problem?
6.What is the overall purpose of the problem?
