Course Name: Database Management System
Course Code: 24CS010
Dr.Neeraj Bhardwaj
24CS010: Database Management System
Architecture for DBMS- One Tier, Two-Tier, Three Tier Architecture:
DBMS Architecture helps users to get their requests done while
connecting to the database.
We choose database architecture depending on several factors
like the size of the database, number of users, and relationships
between the users.
There are two types of database models that we generally use,
are logical model and physical model.
24CS010: Database Management System
Types of DBMS Architecture:
There are several types of DBMS Architecture that we use
according to the usage requirements.
o 1-Tier Architecture
o 2-Tier Architecture
o 3-Tier Architecture
24CS010: Database Management System
1-Tier Architecture
In 1-Tier Architecture, the database is directly available to
the user
The user can directly sit on the DBMS and use it that is, the
client, server, and Database are all present on the same
machine.
For Example: to learn SQL we set up an SQL server and the
database on the local system.
This enables us to directly interact with the relational
database and execute operations.
The industry won’t use this architecture they logically go for
2-Tier and 3-Tier Architecture.
24CS010: Database Management System
Advantages of 1-Tier Architecture
Simple Architecture: 1-Tier Architecture is the most simple architecture to set up,
as only a single machine is required to maintain it.
Cost-Effective: No additional hardware is required for implementing 1-Tier
Architecture, which makes it cost-effective.
Easy to Implement: 1-Tier Architecture can be easily deployed, and hence it is
mostly used in small projects.
24CS010: Database Management System
2-Tier Architecture
The 2-tier architecture is similar to a basic client-server
model.
The application at the client end directly communicates
with the database on the server side.
APIs like ODBC and JDBC are used for this interaction.
The server side is responsible for providing query
processing and transaction management functionalities.
On the client side, the user interfaces and application
programs are run.
Examples of 2-tier architecture are Oracle, Sybase,
Microsoft SQL Server, etc.
24CS010: Database Management System
Advantages of 2-Tier Architecture
Easy to Access: 2-Tier Architecture makes easy access to the database, which makes fast
retrieval.
Scalable: We can scale the database easily, by adding clients or by upgrading hardware.
Low Cost: 2-Tier Architecture is cheaper than 3-Tier Architecture and Multi-Tier Architecture.
Easy Deployment: 2-Tier Architecture is easy to deploy than 3-Tier Architecture.
Simple: 2-Tier Architecture is easily understandable as well as simple because of only two
components. 24CS010: Database Management System
3-Tier Architecture
In 3-Tier Architecture, there is another layer between the
client and the server.
The client does not directly communicate with the server.
Instead, it interacts with an application server which
further communicates with the database system and then
the query processing and transaction management takes
place.
24CS010: Database Management System
24CS010: Database Management System
The 3-tier architecture consists of the following layers:
Presentation layer:
• This layer is also known as the client layer.
• It is the front-end layer in the 3-tier architecture and consists of a user interface.
• The main purpose of this layer is to communicate with the application layer.
Application layer:
•This layer is also known as the business logic layer.
• It acts as a middle layer between the client and the database server for the exchange of
partially processed data.
•Database layer:
•The data or information is stored in this layer.
•This layer contains a method to connect with the database and to perform operations
such as insert, update, and delete.
24CS010: Database Management System
Advantages of 3-Tier Architecture
Enhanced scalability: Scalability is enhanced due to distributed deployment of application
servers. Now, individual connections need not be made between the client and server.
Data Integrity: 3-Tier Architecture maintains Data Integrity. Since there is a middle layer
between the client and the server, data corruption can be avoided/removed.
Security: 3-Tier Architecture Improves Security. This type of model prevents direct interaction
of the client with the server thereby reducing access to unauthorized data.
Disadvantages of 3-Tier Architecture
More Complex: 3-Tier Architecture is more complex in comparison to 2-Tier Architecture.
Communication Points are also doubled in 3-Tier Architecture.
Difficult to Interact: It becomes difficult for this sort of interaction to take place due to the
presence of middle layers.
24CS010: Database Management System
