BLOCK DIAGRAM OF

COMPUTER

NAME-SHUBHOJIT GHOSH
ROLL NUMBER- 25531724015
YEAR-1ST ->2ND SEM
SUBJECT-PROGRAMMING FOR
PROBLEM SOLVING
SEC-E(CYBER SECURITY)
DIAGRAM
IMPORTANT TERMS
1)INPUT DEVICES->Input devices are hardware used to send data or
commands to a computer or other electronic systems. They allow users to
interact with the device, providing data for processing. These devices convert
user actions into signals that the computer can interpret and process.
Example Keyboard, Mouse, Touchscreen, Scanner, Webcam, Microphone
2)OUTPUT DEVICES Output devices are hardware components that receive
Processed data from a computer and convert it into a form that is
understandable or usable by the user. They play a crucial role in
communicating the results of computational processes. These devices allow
the information to be displayed, heard, or otherwise represented externally,
making it accessible for further use or interpretation.
Example Monitor, Speaker, Projector, Printer
3)CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component
of a computer that performs most of the processing inside a computer. It's often referred to
as the "brain" of the computer because it carries out instructions from programs by
performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations.
4)CONTROL UNIT The Control Unit (CU) is a key part of the CPU that manages and directs
the operation of the processor. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and
sends control signals to other components of the system to carry out the required tasks. The
CU oversees the flow of data between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It also
synchronizes the actions of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and other parts, ensuring
instructions are processed in the correct order. In essence, the CU acts as the "traffic
controller" for the CPU, coordinating and managing all operations.
An example of the Control Unit (CU) in action can be seen in the process of executing a
simple arithmetic instruction, like adding two numbers.
Fetch
Decode
Execute
5)ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL UNIT The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is a
critical component of the CPU responsible for performing arithmetic and logical
operations. It handles basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. Additionally, the ALU executes logical operations such as
AND, OR, NOT, and comparisons like equal to, greater than, or less than. These
operations are fundamental for running programs and making decisions based on
conditions. The ALU works in conjunction with the Control Unit (CU) to carry out
tasks. For example, when an instruction requires a calculation or comparison, the CU
directs the ALU to perform the operation and return the result, which is then used by
other parts of the CPU or stored in memory.
An example of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) in action can be seen in a
simple addition operation:
Fetch
Decode
Execute
6)MEMORY UNIT  The Memory Unit (MU) is a component of the CPU that stores data
and instructions temporarily or permanently for quick access. It holds information
required for processing and ensures that data can be retrieved or written back to
memory. The MU is typically divided into different types of memory: Primary Memory
(RAM) for temporary storage and quick access, and Secondary Memory (like hard
drives) for long-term storage. In the CPU, the Memory Unit works closely with the
Control Unit and ALU, supplying necessary data or instructions for execution and
storing results after processing. It plays a crucial role in efficient computing
operations.
7)PRIMARY MEMORY  Primary memory, also known as RAM (Random Access
Memory), is the temporary storage used by the CPU to store data and instructions
that are actively in use. It is fast, volatile (data is lost when the power is turned off),
and essential for quick access to information during processing. It helps improve the
performance and speed of a computer.
Ram is volatile, meaning data is lost when the computer is off and is crucial for
running applications efficiently.
8)SECONDARY MEMORY Secondary memory refers to non-volatile storage
used for long-term data storage. Unlike primary memory (RAM), it retains
data even when the power is turned off. Secondary memory has larger
capacity but is slower compared to primary memory, serving as permanent
storage for files and programs.
Example Hard Disk Drive(HDD), Solid State Drive(SSD), Optical Discs( CDs,
DVDs), USB Flash Drives, External Hard Drives.

CONCLUSION  In conclusion, the block diagram of a computer