Tenses in

English
TENSES IN ENGLISH


There are two tenses in english

Present Past
tense tense
 TENSE STRUCTURE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION
P I walk in the park I don´t walk in the Do I walk …?
R Simple
SUBJ + VERB ( present) .
She runs everyday
park
He doesn´t run Does he run…?
present
E everyday
They eat here They don´t eat Do they eat…?
S here

E I am eating… I am not eating… Am I eating…?

Present SUBJ+ BE+ ING VERB
N continuous
She is dancing… She is not Is she dancing…?
T dancing…
I have worked here I haven´t worked Have I worked…?
Present SUBJ+HAVE/HAS+VERB for 3 years. here for 4 years.
T perfect
( PAST PARTICIPLE)
He has gone there Has she gone…?
He hasn´t gone
E 5 times.
there 5 times.
N
Have they been
S Present
perfect
SUBJ + HAVE/HAS +
BEEN + ING VERB.
They have been
working here.
They haven´t
been working… working…?
E continuos
She has been Has she been
She hasn´t been
S doing the HW
doing…
doing…?
Excercices !!
 I ______________________(to like) lemonade very much. (s. Present )
 The girls always________________________ (to listen) to pop music. ( S. pres)
 Janet never ____________________________(to wear) jeans. (S.pres)
 they ________________ (to work ) now ( P. Continuous)
 She _________________( to read ) the book ( P. Continuous)
 I ___________________ ( to watch ) this movie 3 times ( P. perf)
 She __________________ ( to win ) the world cup ( P. perf )
 They _________________ ( not / to write ) the book ( P. perf )
 He ___________________ ( to read ) the news paper ( P. Perf cont)
 She __________________ ( not / to jump ) the rope ( P.Perf cont )
 I _____________________ ( not / study ) for the exam ( P. Perf cont )
 TENSE STRUCTURE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

Simple past I walked in the I didn´t walk in the Did I walk …?

SUBJ + VERB ( Past simple)
P .
park park
He didn´t run Did he run…?
A She ran everyday everyday

S
T Past SUBJ+ WAS/WERE+ ING
VERB
they were eating… they were not
eating…
were they
eating…?
continuous
She was dancing…
She was not Was she
T dancing… dancing…?

E Past
perfect SUBJ+ HAD +VERB
I had worked here I hadn´t worked had I worked…?

N ( PAST PARTICIPLE) He had gone there He hadn´tvgone

there 5 times. Had she gone…?
S
E Past SUBJ + HAD + BEEN + They had been They hadn´t been Had they been
S perfect ING VERB. working here. working… working…?
continuos
She had been She hadn´t been Had she been
doing the HW doing… doing…?
Excercices !!
 I ______________________(to like) lemonade very much. (s. Past )
 The girls always________________________ (to ride) the bike. ( S. past)
 Janet never ____________________________(to use) jeans. (S.past)
 they ________________ (to dance) yesterday ( P. Continuous)
 She _________________( to fix ) the car ( P. Continuous)
 I ___________________ ( to speak ) to him 3 times ( P. perf)
 She __________________ ( to go) to London 5 times ( P. perf )
 They _________________ ( not / call ) her ( P. perf )
 He ___________________ ( to hang out ) with them ( P. Perf cont)
 She __________________ ( not / to try ) to pick up her child ( P.Perf cont )
 I _____________________ ( not / study ) for the exam ( P. Perf cont )
 FUTURE SIMPLE
TENSE STRUCTURE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION
Simple future My father will play My father won´t Will my
Subj + Will + soccer tomorrow. play tomorrow father… ?
infinitive
 She will sing
She won´t sing
Will she … ?
Carmen will be Carmen won´t Will Carmen…?
watching tv next be living…
Future Subj + Will + be + Friday.
ing verb
progressive People won´t be Will people …?
People will be
living in cities living…
under the ocean.

By 2050, we will By 2050, We Will we… ?

have finished the won´t have
Future perfect Subj + Will + have world. finished…
+ past participle
Will I… ?
By the time you
read this letter, I By the time…I
will have left . won´t have
left…
Practice!!
 By 9 o'clock, we _______________(finish) our homework.
 At midnight we________________(sleep)
 The world ____________________ (end) in several years.
 They ______________(leave) the classroom by the end of the hour.
 Dogs _____________ (speak ) in ten years.
 We ________________(go) home by next week.
 She ______________ ( fix ) her car tomorrow.
 At nine I__________________(watch) the news.
 She ________________(return) from the excursion by 6 o'clock.
 __________________(buy / he) the new house by October?
 Animals ________________ ( shoot ) humans.
 The sun__________________(not / rise) by 4 o'clock.
 Tonight we__________________(cram up) for our English test.
 ___________________(you/do) the shopping by 3 o'clock?
REPORTED
SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH

 Sometimes someone
says a sentence, for
example "I'm going to
the cinema tonight".
Later, maybe we want
to tell someone else
what the first person
said.
 Direct speech Reported speech

He says he likes
Ryan: “ I like pizza”
pizza

He tells me he buys
Josh: “ I buy a car”
a car
 We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell’

SAY we CAN'T use the object

He says (that) he likes cars.

He says me he likes cars.

we NEED the object ( 'me',

TELL
'you', 'her').

He tells me (that) he is right.

He tells he is right.
 We can choose if we want to change the TENSE of the reported
speech.

 Regularly the tense goes back in time

Backshifting

 He said He liked
I like pizza pizza

I am buying a He said He was

car buying a car

He said he had liked

I liked pizza or he liked pizza.
 BACKSHIFTING OF TENSES

If the reporting verb ( say, tell) changes to past, the

reported speech changes the tense
Reported statements

Statement Reported speech ( statement)

He said he loved that game

I love this game
He told me he loved that game

He told me he had bought a

I bought a house. house

I like dancing
Reported requests
Direct Request Reported speech ( request)

He asked me to turn off the tv.

Please, turn off the tv.
He asked me Not to turn off the tv. (-)

She asked me to
Could you bring my book tonight?
(-) She asked me

Could you pass the milk, please?

In the reported request the reporting verb Will always be “ASK”

Reported questions
Direct question Reported speech ( questions)

Where is the office ? He asked me where the office was

What are you doing ? He asked me .

Do you love me ? She asked me If I loved her.

Are you living here ?

In “yes “no” questions we use “IF” after the object.

 Please, come early.

 Please, Buy the milk

 Could you open the window ?

 Could you buy me the car ?

 Could you do my homework ?

 Could you come with me ?

 Please, listen to this song

 Could you dance with me ?

 Could you cook a cake for me ?

 Could you drive the car ?

 Informative speech
 Speech in which the speakers seek to deepen understanding, raise
awareness or increase knowledge about a topic.

 Persuasive speech
 Speech in which the speaker attempts to reinforce, modify, or change
audience member´s beliefs, attitudes, opinions, values and behaviors.

 Special occasion speech

 These speeches are commonly addressed to an audience. Depending on
the context, they can be funny or sad and don´t last more than ten minutes.