‘
Mathematics in the
Modern World
Presented by:
Analuz E. Flores
Prayer Leader:
Let us bow our heads and remember that we are in
the Holy Presence of God.
All:
Dear God, we know You are with us in this class.
Bless us with your Grace and help us become better
Laurelians constantly engaged in scholarly pursuits
and continually finding optimal and innovative
solutions to challenges and concerns that confront
us. Help us to be considerate, compassionate, and
mindful of each other as we strive to accomplish our
common objective of bolstering our knowledge and
sharpening our skills with the active participation of
students and with guidance of faculty. We pray that
You bless our beloved LPU Davao so it will continue
to grow and last for generations to come; will be
true to Laurelian values; and will be faithful to our
credo
PRO DEO ET PATRIA, VERITAS ET FORTITUDO.
Amen.
Number Series - refers to a sequence of numbers following some pattern.
• A sequence of numbers is called
an Arithmetic progression if the
difference between any two consecutive
terms is always the same. In simple
terms, it means that the next number in
the series is calculated by adding a fixed
number to the previous number in the
series.
• For example:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is an AP because
difference between any two consecutive
terms in the series (common difference) is
same (4 – 2 = 6 – 4 = 8 – 6 = 10 – 8 = 2).
Arithmetic Progression (AP)
is a sequence of numbers in order, in which the
difference between any two consecutive numbers is a
constant value.
An arithmetic progression or arithmetic
sequence ( AP ) is a sequence of numbers such that the
difference between the consecutive terms is constant.
An arithmetic progression is a sequence where
the differences between every two consecutive terms
are the same.
An arithmetic progression is a sequence where
each term, except the first term, is obtained by adding a
fixed number to its previous term.
For example:
The sequence 2, 6, 10, 14, … is an
arithmetic progression (AP) because it
follows a pattern where each number is
obtained by adding 4 to the previous term.
In this sequence, nth term = 4n-2
The terms of the sequence can be
obtained by substituting n=1,2,3,... in the
nth term. i.e.,
• When n = 1, first term = 4n-2 = 4(1)-2 =
4-2=2
• When n = 2, second term = 4n-2 = 4(2)-
2 = 8-2=6
Arithmetic Progression Formula
Determining the 12th term of an arithmetic sequence.
Example.
Determine the twelfth term of an arithmetic sequence
whose first term is -5 and whose common difference is
3.
Solution:
a1 = -5 , n = 12 , d = 3
an = a1 + ( n – 1 ) d
a12 = -5 + ( 12 – 1 ) 3
a12 = 28
Sum of the arithmetic sequence
is defined as the formula to calculate
the total of all the terms present in an
arithmetic sequence.
Consider an arithmetic sequence (AP)
whose first term is a and the common
difference is d.
Formula 1: The sum of first n terms of
an arithmetic sequence where nth term is not
known is given by:
Sn=n/2 [2a+(n−1)d]
Where :
• Sn = the sum of the arithmetic sequence,
• a = the first term,
• d = the common difference between the
terms,
• n = the total number of terms in the sequence
and
• an = the last term of the sequence.
Formula 2: The sum of first n terms of the
arithmetic sequence
where nth term, Sn is known is given by:
Sn=n/2[a1+an]
Where :
• Sn = the sum of the arithmetic sequence,
• a1 = the first term,
• d = the common difference between the
terms,
• n = the total number of terms in the
sequence and
• an = the last term of the sequence.
Sequence
A Sequence is a set of things (usually numbers) that are in order.
A Geometric Progression is a sequence in which any
element after the first is obtained by multiplying the
preceding element by a constant called the common
ratio which is denoted by r.
The common ratio is found by dividing any term by the
preceding term.
r = a 2 / a1
in general, if a1 represents the first term
and r the common ratio of a geometric
progression, the succeeding terms are
formed from the rule
an + 1 = an . r ( where n is any positive integer)
For example:
The first four terms of a geometric
progression are 1, -5, 25, -125. find the next
three terms.
Solution:
Common ratio: r = -5 / 1 = -5
Use the rule to find the next three terms:
a5 = a4 . r = ( -125)(-5) = 625
a6 = a5 . r = (625)( -5) = -3,125
a7 = a6 . r = (-3,125)(-5) = 15,625
For example:
Consider the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54. The
common ratio is 3. The succeeding terms after
the first are as follows:
a2 = 6 = 2(3) = a1 . r1
a
3 = 18 = 2(3)2 = a1 . r2
a4 = 54 = 2(3)3 = a1 . r3
Example:
1. Find the sum of the first four terms of a
geometric progression whose first term is
54 and whose common ratio is 4/3. ( ans.
350)
Given: a1 = 54 . r = 4/3 , n = 4
Formula: Sn = a1 – a1rn / 1 – r or Sn = a1 ( 1
– rn )/ 1 - r
Thank you!
