🎯 Title of the Project:

“AGROBOT (AGRICULTURAL ROBOT)"

A Multi-functional Solar-Powered Agricultural Robot

🏫 Institution:
TATA STEEL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
BURMAMINES, JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND , 831004

Presented By:
• Pratigya Bharti (Leader)
• Sumeet Sahu (Member)
• Salkhan Hembrom (Member)
• Sweety Karmakar (Member)

Under the Guidance of:

• Mrs.G.Tirumala & Mr. Vikesh Kumar
Senior Training Officer

Department of Mechatronic Engineering & Smart Factory

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 CONTENT:
 INTRODUCTION
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 MOTIVATION
 PROBLEM SOLUTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
 COST ESTIMATION
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 3D MODEL
 PROJECT TIMELINE
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES
 ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES
 CONCLUSION
2
 INTRODUCTION :
The automation in agriculture
could help to farmers to
reduce their effort.

To reduce labor cost, daily

working hours,
environmental all impact &
safety issues.

The vehicle are being

developed for the processes
seed sowing, water &
pesticides spraying, weeding.
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 PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Traditional farming involves manual tasks like
weeding, seeding, and spraying, which are time-
consuming, labor-intensive, & inefficient for
small-to-medium farmers.

There is a shortage of agricultural labor, leading

to delayed or incomplete farm operations.

Manual methods can result in inconsistent seed

placement, uneven spraying, and less optimal
crop yields.
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 MOTIVATION:
To reduce human effort in the agricultural
field with the use of small machine.

Farmer can operate this robot through remote

by sitting at one side & he can operate easily.

The usage of solar can be utilized for Battery

charging.

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 PROBLEM SOLUTION:
Design & build a multitasking agricultural
robot capable of digging, seeding, & spraying
water/pesticides automatically.

Use a programmable PLC module & sensors

for automation & precision.

The robot reduces manual labour, increases

efficiency, & improves farming accuracy
making modern agricultural automation
accessible to small farmers. 6
 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
SOLAR PANEL

GEAR SERVO
MOTOR MOTOR
CONTROLLER

12 V
MOTOR SHEILD
BATTERY
PLOUGHING

5V SEEDING
CONVERTER BLUETOOTH MICROCONTROLLER WATERING
MODULE
SPRAYING
PESTICIDE
5 V RELAY
SPRAYING7
 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:

1.SOLAR PANEL

 Converts sunlight into electrical energy

to power the robot’s motors,
controller, & sensors, enabling eco-
friendly and off-grid operation.

 Maximum power current (Imp) (A): 0.34

 Maximum power voltage (Vmp) (V): 9

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:

2. BATTERY

 12v 1.4AH lead acid battery

 It is a combination of one or
more electrochemical cells that
can convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy.

 The battery is a storing device

to store the energy.
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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:

3. DC MOTOR

 A direct current (DC) motor is a type of

electric machine that converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy.

 Provides high starting torque.

 Allowing precise movement & multi-

tasking during farm operations.

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
4. SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
(Electric Submersible Pump) :

 It pushes water to the surface by converting

rotary energy into kinetic energy into pressure
energy.

 It takes water or pesticide from a tank & sends

it to the spray nozzles.

 Works quietly, efficiently, & does not need

priming.

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
5. ULTRASONIC SENSOR :

 Uses sound waves to measure how far an

object is (detect obstacles) and prevents
collisions.

 Range : 2-400 cm (2-4 meters)

 Operating Power : 5V DC

 Current : 15mA
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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
6. ESP32 MODULE:

 Popular, low-cost, & low-power system on a chip (SoC)

with Integrated Wi-Fi & Bluetooth capabilities, suitable
for a wide range of IoT & embedded applications.

 Voltage Range : 2.2V to 3.6V

(USB port can accept 5V)
 Averages around 250mA

 Wi-Fi Range : 50-200 meters in open space

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
7. MG995 SERVO MOTOR :

 A specialized electric motor that

provides precise control of angular or
linear position, speed, & torque using a
feedback mechanism & a control signal.

 Type : Metal gear, analog servo

 Operating Voltage : 4.8V to 6.6V DC

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
8. CAPACITIVE SOIL-MOISTURE SENSOR :

 It detects soil moisture by measuring changes

in capacitance between two plates.

 Operating Voltage : 3.3V to 5V DC

 Range : Measures soil moisture from dry to

wet; usually outputs voltage from approx.
1V(dry) to 3V(wet) for analog sensors.

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
9. TEMPERATURE-HUMIDITY SENSOR:

 It measures both air temperature &

moisture(humidity) in the
environment.

 Operating Voltage : 1.9V to 5.5V

 Temperature Measurement Range: 0

to 50 degree Celsius.

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
10. BAROMETRIC-PRESSURE SENSOR:

 It measures atmospheric pressure by

detecting the force exerted by the air
column above it. This force is translated into
an electrical signal using various sensing
principles.

 Operating Voltage : 1.8V to 3.6V

 Pressure Range : 300 mbar to 1200mbar

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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
11. RAIN-DROP SENSOR:

 It detects rainfall based mainly on

changes in resistance or capacitance
caused by water droplets on its sensing
surface.

 Operating Voltage : +5V DC

 It use light beams & detectors; raindrops

interrupt light signals to indicate rain.
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 COMPONENTS
DESCRIPTION:
12. DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER (Convert 12V to 5V):
 It is a power electronics device designed to efficiently step
down (reduce) a higher DC input voltage to a lower DC output
voltage.

 Power supplies for microcontrollers, battery-powered devices.

 COMPONENTS:
 Switch (MOSFET pr transistor)
 Diode (or synchronous rectifier)
 Inductor (stores & releases energy)
 Capacitor (smooths output voltage)

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 COST ESTIMATION:
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS QUANTITY TOTAL SUB-TOTAL

Solar panel 1
Battery 1 1225 1225
Dc Geared motor 4 390 1560
Submersible pump 2 140 280
Ultrasonic sensor 2 56 112
Esp32 module 2 428 856
Metal servo motor 1 372 372
Capacitive soil-moisture sensor 1 89 89
Temperature-humidity sensor 1 470 470
Barometric-pressure sensor 1 196 196
Rain-drop sensor 1 48 48
Dc-dc buck converter 1 150 150
WIRING, CONNECTORS, PCB & misc. 1 500 500

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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3D MODEL:

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 PROJECT
TIMELINE:
✅ Phase 1: Design & Component Procurement
Duration: 2 Weeks
• Research and finalize features
• Design the circuit and chassis
• Purchase components and materials

✅ Phase 2: Assembly & Programming

Duration: 1.5 Months
• Assemble the robot body and chassis
• Connect wiring, sensors, and modules
• Write and debug code for movement, sensing, and automation

✅ Phase 3: Testing & Refinement

Duration: 1 Month
• Field test robot in real conditions
• Calibrate sensors (moisture, temperature, etc.)
• Adjust programming logic and improve performance
• Add any additional features or fix errors
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 EXPECTED
OUTCOMES:

• Working agriculture robot that can sow seeds, sense soil

moisture & temperature, and spray water/pesticide.

• Collects real-time soil data.

• Saves labor and time in farming tasks.

• Modular and upgradeable design.

• Practical experience in electronics, coding, and mechanical

design.

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 ANTICIPATED
CHALLENGES:

• Integrating all components smoothly.

• Navigating uneven farm terrain.

• Accurate sensor calibration.

• Managing battery life and power.

• Debugging code under tight deadlines (3 months).

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 CONCLUSION:

•The proposed agricultural robot offers a cost-effective, modular,

& scalable solution to common agricultural challenges for small-
to-medium farms.

•Supports sustainable practices & can be adapted for more

advanced automation.

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 THANK YOU !

“ W E A R E N O W R E A DY T O A N S W E R
YO U R Q U E S T I O N S . ”