HOSPITAL
MANAGEMEN
T
Dr. M Ahmed Abdullah
Associate Professor
MBBS, MPH, MCPS, CHPE, PhD
HOSPES
DEFINITION
“A hospital is a residential
establishment which provides short-
term and long-term medical care
consisting of observational, diagnostic,
therapeutic and rehabilitative services
for persons suffering or suspected to
be suffering from a disease or injury
and for parturients. It may or may not
also provide services for ambulatory
patients on an out-patient basis”
WHO Expert Committee, 1963 ‘
FUNCTIONS OF A
HOSPITAL
Healthcare service delivery
Curative
Preventive
Outreach
Training & Education
Research
Resource concentration
Referral networks
HISTORY OF HOSPITAL
DEVELOPMENT
The word hospital is an Italian word derived
from hospitality meaning to be guest.
It is represented by staff & serpent. Staff
represents patient while the serpent
represents caring off
Hospitals were not always taken in high
esteem.
The initial hospitals were in alms houses in
America, away from the city and were used to
keep the people of infectious diseases.
CLASSIFICATION OF
HOSPITALS
Type of services provided
Size or number of beds
Ownership
Duration of stay
ACCORDING TO TYPE
OF SERVICES PROVIDED
General hospitals
The type of hospitals where different specialist services are
provided to both adult and children under the same roof
including Medical, Surgery, Pediatrics Gynae & Obs.,
Cardiology, Dermatology, Orthopedic and Ophthalmology etc.
Special hospitals
These hospitals deal with specific category of diseases e.g.
Eye hospital, hospital of cardiac disease, ENT hospital,
orthopedic hospital, kidney centre; or specific group of people
e.g. children hospital, maternity home; or specific disease e.g.
T.B Centre, Leprosy Centre.
ACCORDING TO SIZE
OR NUMBER OF BEDS
Regional/Teaching hospital
These hospitals have more than 500 beds. They are
attached to medical colleges and have all types of
specialties and subspecialties e.g. radiotherapy,
neurosurgery. Example of this type of hospital is Jinnah
Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi & Mayo Hospital
Lahore.
District Hospitals
Provide about fifteen specialties including Medical,
Surgery, Gynae & Obs. , ENT, Eye, anesthesia and
dermatology and have a range of beds from 100-600,
example include Civil Hospital, Thatta, Jacobabad, Attock
etc.
Rural Hospital
It has capacity of 20 – 100 beds. It provides medical,
ACCORDING TO
OWNERSHIP
Public Hospital
These hospitals are owned and managed by government
and/or autonomous bodies e.g. Civil Hospital, Sargodha,
Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, National Institute of
Child Health etc.
Private Hospital
Owned by private people or entrepreneur, can be further
classifi ed into.
Commercial
Non-profit
ACCORDING TO
DURATION OF STAY
Long duration hospital
Stay more than 30 days as in leprosy centre, orthopedic
hospital etc.
Short duration hospital
Stay less than 30 days as in acute diseases hospital. e.g. Eye
hospital.
FUNCTIONS OF
HOSPITALS
a) Preventive & Promotive Care
b) Domiciliary Service
c) Training
d) Research
e) Health Education
f) Curative Care
g) Accident & Emergency Services
CONT.
h) Disaster Management
i) Geriatric Services
j) Physiotherapy
k) Ambulance Services
l) Laboratory Services
m) Social Medical Services
n) Medical Record Keeping
o) Others
HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT
Healthcare management,
also referred to as
healthcare administration,
is the administration,
management or oversight
of healthcare systems,
public health systems,
hospitals, entire hospital
networks or other medical
facilities
MANAGER ROLES
Planning.
Forecasting what is needed for the future, setting
objectives for the desired results and develop
strategies and plans to achieve those goals.
It is the first management function and all other
functions depend on it.
Data, knowledge, experience, alternatives, proper
decision making.
CONTD.
Organizing.
Formulating the organization structure that clearly
define the scope of responsibilities, relationships and
lines of authority.
This function is very important to implement the plans
effectively & efficiently.
Staffing
Selecting the personnel to perform the work and
placing them in posts suitable to their knowledge and
skills (Suitable place concept).
CONTD.
Directing.
Includes motivating the subordinates, leading them,
selecting the most effective communication channels
and resolving any arising conflicts.
Controlling
Monitor activities to ensure achieving them as planned,
correcting any significant deviations and rewarding
workers .
LEVELS OF
MANAGEMENT
1- Top managers: responsible for the overall work and
operations (e.g. DG of Hospitals)
2- Middle managers: who manage and coordinate the
work activities of several units (Hospital Director).
3- First line managers: who are directly responsible for
coordinating and managing certain work (e.g. head of
Radiography Dep.).
HOSPITAL MILIEU
Public
Scrutiny
External Customer
Health Environme expectatio
Care nt
n
Environm Internal
ent Environm Customer
demand
ent
PUBLIC SCRUTINY
Quality
Quantity
Time
Expense
CUSTOMER
EXPECTATIONS
Top service
Stellar results
CUSTOMER DEMANDS
Advancements
New Demands
TRANSITION TO
HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT
Health Care
Self direction
Professional
Hospital
Manager Selfless service
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
Health Care Autonomous
Professional control
Circumstantial
Hospital control
Manager
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
Health Care Quantitative
Professional outcomes
Hospital Qualitative
outcomes
Manager
TRANSITION TO HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT (CONT’D)
Definitive criterias
Health Care
Professional
Hospital “Grey Areas”
Manager
HOSPITAL
MANAGEMENT
CHARACTERISTICS
Business Vs. Service
People Intensive
Blend diverse talent into cohesive team
Recognize Attitudes
Set Policies
Provide Exemplary conduct
Hands on approach
Maintain Morale
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
HOSPITAL MANAGER
Creating a positive and productive work culture through
leadership
Setting the standards for excellence in operations
Hiring and ensuring qualified staff
Maintaining high quality in the delivery of patient care
Implement clinical policies and procedures
Administer compliance with hospital policies (State and
Federal rules and regulations)
Developing relationships with the medical community,
referring physicians, and the media
Ensure fiscal performance
