Linux
What is Linux
• The Linux Operating System is a type of operating system
that is similar to Unix, and it is built upon the Linux Kernel.
• The Linux Kernel is like the brain of the operating system
because it manages how the computer interacts with its
hardware and resources.
• It makes sure everything works smoothly and efficiently.
But the Linux Kernel alone is not enough to make a
complete operating system.
• To create a full and functional system, the Linux Kernel is
combined with a collection of software packages and
utilities, which are together called Linux distributions
History
• Linus Torvalds designed the free and open-source Linux operating system
kernel in 1991.
• Torvalds set out to develop a free and flexible system for
personal computers, drawing ideas from the UNIX operating system
Teamwork in development was encouraged with the initial release of the
Linux kernel, which attracted developers and enthusiasts globally quickly.
• Various open-source software packages integrated with the Linux kernel
created fully operational operating systems, occasionally referred to as
Linux distributions.
• Over the years, Linux has become known as a key component of modern
computing, powering everything from servers and personal computers to
supercomputers and smartphones. Due to its flexibility, durability, and
strong community support, developers, businesses, and educational
institutions frequently opt for it.
What is a Distribution
Linux distribution is an operating system that is
made up of a collection of software based on
Linux kernel or you can say distribution contains
the Linux kernel and supporting libraries and
software. And you can get Linux-based operating
system by downloading one of the Linux
distributions and these distributions are available
for different types of devices like embedded
devices, personal computers, etc. Around 600 +
Linux Distributions are available and some of the
popular Linux distributions are:
• MX Linux
• Manjaro
• Linux Mint
• elementary
• Ubuntu
• Debian
• Solus
• Fedora
• openSUSE
• Deepin
Kernel
• Kernel is the core of the Linux based operating system. It
virtualizes the common hardware resources of the
computer to provide each process with its virtual resources.
This makes the process seem as if it is the sole process
running on the machine. The kernel is also responsible for
preventing and mitigating conflicts between different
processes. Different types of the kernel are:
– Monolithic Kernel
– Hybrid kernels
– Exo kernels
– Micro kernels
Basic Linux Terminal Commands
Linux Commands Functions
1. Is command in Linux Displays information about files in the current directory.
2. pwd command in Linux Displays the current working directory.
3. mkdir command in Linux Creates a directory.
4. cd command in Linux To navigate between different folders.
5. rmdir command in Linux Removes empty directories from the directory lists.
6. cp command in Linux Copy files from one directory to another.
25 Basic Linux Commands For Beginners -
GeeksforGeeks
6. cp command in Linux Copy files from one directory to another.
7. mv command in Linux Rename and Replace the files
8. rm command in Linux Delete files
9. uname command in Linux Command to get basic information about the OS
10. locate command in Linux Find a file in the database.
11. touch command in Linux Create empty files
12. ln command in Linux Create shortcuts to other files
13. cat command in Linux Display file contents on terminal
14. clear command in Linux Clear terminal
15. ps command in Linux Display the processes in terminal
16. man command in Linux Access manual for all Linux commands
17. grep command in Linux Search for a specific string in an output
18. echo command in Linux Display active processes on the terminal
19. wget command in Linux download files from the internet.
20. whoami command in Linux Create or update passwords for existing users
21. sort command in Linux sort the file content
22. cal command in Linux View Calendar in terminal
View the exact location of any command typed after this
23. whereis command in Linux
command
24. df command in Linux Check the details of the file system
