CHAPTER-3

PLAYING WITH NUMBERS

MODULE-1
 Composite numbers are
numbers that
have more than two factors.
They can be divided evenly by
numbers
other than 1 and themselves.
Prime For example: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10
numbe
h av e o rs are n
nly two um be r
1 an d t factors s that
T h ey a he :
re grea number itself , also kn o w n as
Divided ter tha . m b e rs rime
by only n 1 an d c a m e n u ut ua l ly p
For ex 1 a n be Co-pri ely prime or m s that have no
ample nd themselve relativ re n umber e a te r than
: 2, 3, r
5 , 7, 1 s . rs, a er g
numbe ositive integ r.
1 commo
np
s a diviso r s 15
1 a m b e
, the nu
am ple
For ex .
and 28 teger that
it iv e in
e o n lyp o s
1 5 a nd 28
Th
i de s both de r is 1.
div n
remai c o-
 An even number is any
integer that is divisible by 2
without leaving a remainder
resulting in a whole number or
an integer.
For example: 2, 6, 10,
14, and 20
An od
d num
in t
ber is
n ot d i e ger th any
visible at itive
by 2 a is b er is a p o s
n d do u m
in a w re s ult e s n ot P e rf ect n teger v i s o r s.
A in s d i
hole n m o f it
u m be
r or an l t o t h e su
h e p o si t i v e
For e in t e ger. a t i s equa m b e r are t r i tself.
t h n u b e
xa mple: i v i s o r s of a i n g t h e num
f ect
1, 3, D x cl u d p e r
se sa
or 9. 5, 7, divisor xample, 6 i
For e numb
er.
iv isors
r d
f i t s prope al to the
o qu
As sum 3 = 6 ) is e
+2+ itself.
Factors are numbers that divide another number
exactly, without leaving a remainder.
For example, when we consider the number 6, its
factors are the numbers that can divide 6 evenly.

The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6.

These numbers can be multiplied
together to obtain the original number, 6.
FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
FACTORS are numbers that divide another number
without leaving a remainder. In other words, a factor is an
exact divisor
of a given number.
For example, consider the number 12. Its factors are the
numbers that can divide 12 evenly, without any
remainder. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

If the division is exact, then the number is a factor.

For example, when dividing 12 by 2, we get 6 with no
remainder. So, 2 is a factor of 12. Similarly, dividing 12 by
4 gives us 3
without any remainder, making 4 a factor of 12.

The factors of a number can be multiplied together to

obtain the original number.
For example, in 12 we have 1 x 12, 2 x 6, and 3 x 4.
This shows that the factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 can be
multiplied in pairs to give the product 12.
FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
PROPERTIES OF FACTORS OF A
NUMBER:
1.Every number is a factor of itself: Every number is
considered
a factor of itself since it divides itself without leaving a
remainder.

2.Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that

number: A factor of a number is an exact divisor because
it evenly divides the given number without any
remainder.

3.Every factor of a number is less than or equal to that

number: The factors of a number are always less than or
equal to the given number because factors divide the
number into smaller parts.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 1. Find the factors of
24.

Answer: To find the factors of 24, we

can divide it by different numbers and
check if the division is exact.

The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,

12, and 24.
 EXERCI
SE if 9 is a factors
Question 2. Determine
of 45.

Answer: To determine if 9 is a factor of 45,

we divide 45 by 9.

If the division is exact, then 9 is a factor of 45.

In this case, 45 divided by 9 equals 5, which is a
whole number without any remainder.

Therefore, 9 is a factor of 45.

 EXERCI
SE
Question 3. Which numbers are factors of
both 15 and 20?

Answer: To find the common factors of 15 and 20, we list

their
factors and identify the ones that are common.

The factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, and 15, while the factors of

20
are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20.
 EXERCI
Question 4. FindSE
the factors of 100 that are even
numbers.

Answer: The factors of 100 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, and
100.

Among these factors, the even numbers are:

2, 4, 10, 20, 50,and 100.

These numbers are considered even because they are

divisible
 EXERCI
SE
Question 5. Find the factors of 36 that are prime
numbers.

Answer: The factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 36.

Among these factors, the prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,

17, 19, 23, 29, and 31.

However, none of these prime numbers are factors of 36.

Therefore, there are no prime number factors of 36.

 EXERCI
SE
Question 6. Which numbers are factors of
both 15 and 20?

Answer: To find the common factors of 15 and 20, we list

their
factors and identify the ones that are common.

The factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, and 15, while the factors of

20
are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20.
FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
MULTIPLES are numbers that can be obtained by
multiplying a given number by any integer.
In simpler terms, multiples are the results of
multiplication involving a specific number.
For example, consider the number 5.
The multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and so on.

To generate multiples of a number, we can multiply

the number by different integers.
When multiplying 5 by 2, we get 10.
By multiplying 5 by 3, we obtain 15.
This process can be continued to generate more
multiples.

All multiples of a number are divisible by that

number.
For example, all multiples of 5 (such as 5, 10, 15,
FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLES OF A
NUMBER:
1.Every multiple of a number is greater than
or equal to that number: Multiples of a number are
obtained by multiplying the number by any
integer, which results in a value greater than or
equal to the original number.

2.The multiples of a given number are infinite

in number: The multiples of a number continue
indefinitely in both positive and negative
directions.

3.Every number is a multiple of itself: Every

 EXERCI
SE
Question 1. Find the first six
multiples of 5.

Answer: Here are the first six multiples of 5:

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30.

These numbers are obtained:

After multiplying 5 by the whole numbers from 1 to
 EXERCI
SE
Question 2. Find the smallest multiple of 12
that is
greater than 100.

Answer: To find the smallest multiple of 12 greater than

100,
we divide 100 by 12 to find the quotient and remainder.

In this case, 100 divided by 12 equals 8 with a remainder of 4.

Therefore, the next multiple of 12 after 100 is 12

 EXERCI
SE
Question 3. Identify the first five
multiples of 8.

Answer: The first five multiples of 8 are:

8, 16, 24, 32, and 40.

These numbers are obtained by multiplying 8

by the whole numbers from 1 to
 EXERCI
SE
Question 4. What is the smallest
multiple of 15 that is divisible by 3?

Answer: To find the smallest multiple of 15 that is

divisible by 3, we check the multiples of 15 until
we find a multiple that is divisible by 3.

The multiples of 15 are 15, 30, 45, 60, ...

The smallest multiple that is divisible by 3 is
15 itself.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 5. Identify the first five
multiples of 8.

Answer: The first five multiples of 8 are:

8, 16, 24, 32, and 40.

These numbers are obtained by multiplying 8

by
 EXERCI
SE
Question 6. Find the first four
multiples of 132.

Answer: The first four multiples of 11 are:

132,264,396, and 528.

These numbers are obtained by multiplying

11
MODULE-2
 PRIME
AND
COMPOSITE NUMBERS
Prime numbers are
numbers that have only two
factors: 1 and the number itself.

They are greater than 1 and

can be divided by only 1 and
themselves.

For example: 2, 3, 5, 7,
 PRIME
AND
COMPOSITE NUMBERS
Composite numbers are
numbers that have more than
two factors.

They can be divided evenly by

numbers other than 1 and
themselves.

For example: 4, 6, 8, 9,
 EXERCI
SE
Question 1. What is the sum of the first 10
prime numbers?

Answer: The first 10 prime numbers are:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and 29.

Adding them together:

2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 = 129.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 2. Is the number 1,003 a prime or
composite number?

Answer: The number 1,003 is a composite number.

To determine this, we can check if it is divisible by any
prime numbers less than its square root.

By dividing 1,003 by numbers such as 2, 3, 5, 7, and so on,

we find that it is divisible by 17.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 3. Find the smallest prime number
that is the sum of two other prime numbers.

Answer: The smallest prime number that is the

sum of
two other prime numbers is 5.

The only pair of prime numbers whose sum is

5: 2 and 3.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 4. Is the number 100,000 a prime or
composite number?

Answer: The number 100,000 is a composite number.

It is divisible by 2 since it ends with a zero.

Dividing 100,000 by 2 gives us 50,000, which is also divisible

by 2.

Continuing this process, we can divide by 2 multiple times

until
 EXERCI
SE
Question 5. Find two consecutive
composite numbers.

Answer: Two consecutive composite numbers

are 4 and 6.

Both numbers have more than two factors.

4 can be divided evenly by 1, 2, and 4.

 EXERCI
SE
Question 6. Is the number 15 a prime or
composite number?

Answer: The number 15 is a composite number.

A composite number is a number greater than 1 that has more

than two factors.

15 can be divided evenly by 1, 3, 5, and 15, so it has

factors
 EXERCI
SE
Question 7. Determine the product of the
prime numbers
between 40 and 50.
Answer: The prime numbers between 40 and 50 are:
41 and 43.

Thus, the product of these prime numbers is:

41 × 43 = 1,763.
MODULE-3
 PRIME
FACTORISATION
Prime factorization is the
process
of expressing a composite
number
as a product of its prime factors.

It involves breaking down a

number into its prime factors,
which are prime numbers that
 PRIME
FACTORISATION
For example, let's find the prime
factorization of the number 36:
Step 1: 36 ÷ 2 = 18 (divisible by 2)

Step 2: 18 ÷ 2 = 9 (divisible by 2)

Step 3: 9 ÷ 3 = 3 (divisible by 3)
Step 4: 3 ÷ 3 = 1 The prime factors
of 36 are 2, 2, 3, 3. Therefore, the
prime factorization of 36 is 2² × 3².
 PRIME
FACTORISATION
For example:
Let's find the prime factorization of the
number 36:

Step 1: 36 ÷ 2 = 18 (divisible by 2)
Step 2: 18 ÷ 2 = 9 (divisible by 2)
Step 3: 9 ÷ 3 = 3 (divisible by 3)
Step 4: 3 ÷ 3 = 1
The prime factors of 36 are 2, 2, 3,
3.
Therefore, the prime factorization of 36 is
2² × 3².
 EXERCI
SE the prime factorization of
Question 1. Determine
120.

Answer: To find the prime factorization of 120, we can divide it

by prime numbers until we cannot divide any further.
Starting with the smallest prime number, which is 2, we have:
120 ÷ 2 = 60
60 ÷ 2 = 30
30 ÷ 2 = 15
15 ÷ 3 = 5
So, the prime factorization of 120 is 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5,
which can be written as 2³ × 3 × 5
 EXERCI
SE
Question 2. What are the prime factors of the
number 60.

Answer: To find the prime factors of 60, we divide it by prime

numbers starting from 2 until we cannot divide further:

Divide 60 by 2: 60 ÷ 2 = 30
Divide 30 by 2: 30 ÷ 2 = 15
Divide 15 by 3: 15 ÷ 3 = 5
Now, since 5 is a prime number, we cannot divide further.
Therefore, the prime factors of 60 are 2, 2, 3, and 5,
 EXERCI
SE
Question 3. Find the prime factors of the
number 24.
Answer: To find the prime factors of 24, we divide it by
prime numbers starting from 2 until we cannot divide further.

Divide 24 by 2: 24 ÷ 2 = 12
Divide 12 by 2: 12 ÷ 2 = 6
Divide 6 by 2: 6 ÷ 2 = 3
Now, since 3 is a prime number, we cannot divide further.
Therefore, the prime factors of 24 are 2, 2, 2, and 3,
 EXERCI
SE
Question 4. Write the prime factorization of the
number 98.

Answer: To write the prime factorization of 98, we divide it by

prime numbers starting from 2 until we cannot divide further:

Divide 98 by 2: 98 ÷ 2 = 49
Divide 49 by 7: 49 ÷ 7 = 7

Now, since 7 is a prime number, we cannot divide further.

Therefore, the prime factors of 98 are 2, 7, and 7, which
 EXERCI
SEthe number 45 as a product
Question 5. Express
of its prime factors.

Answer: To express 45 as a product of its prime factors,

we perform the following divisions:
Divide 45 by 3: 45 ÷ 3 = 15
Divide 15 by 3: 15 ÷ 3 = 5

Now, since 5 is a prime number, we cannot divide further.

Thus, the prime factors of 45 are 3 and 5, which can be

 EXERCI
SE the prime factorization of
Question 6. Determine
the number 72.

Answer: To determine the prime factorization of 72, we divide it by

prime numbers starting from 2 until we cannot divide further:
Divide 72 by 2: 72 ÷ 2 = 36
Divide 36 by 2: 36 ÷ 2 = 18
Divide 18 by 2: 18 ÷ 2 = 9
Divide 9 by 3: 9 ÷ 3 = 3

Now, since 3 is a prime number, we cannot divide further.

Hence, the prime factors of 72 are 2, 2, 2, 3, and 3, which can be
 EXERCI
SEthe number 56 as a product
Question 7. Express
of its prime factors.

Answer: To express 56 as a product of its prime factors,

we perform the following divisions:
Divide 56 by 2: 56 ÷ 2 = 28
Divide 28 by 2: 28 ÷ 2 = 14
Divide 14 by 2: 14 ÷ 2 = 7

Now, since 7 is a prime number, we cannot divide further.

Thus, the prime factors of 56 are 2, 2, 2, and 7, which
MODULE-4
 Tests
for
divisibility of numbers
1.Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 if its units digit is
an even number(0, 2, 4, 6, or 8). For example,146 is divisible by
2 because its units digit is 6.

2.Divisibility by 3: To test for divisibility by 3, add up the digits of the

number.
If the sum is divisible by 3, then the original number is also divisible by 3.
For example, 579 is divisible by 3 because 5 + 7 + 9 = 21, and 21 is divisible
by 3.

3.Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4 if the number

formed by its last two digits is divisible by 4. For example, 452 is
4.Divisibility by 5: A number is divisible by 5 if its units digit
is 0 or 5. For example, 3550 is divisible by 5 because its units
digit is 0.

5.Divisibility by 6: A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible

by both 2 and For example, 156 is divisible by 6 because it is
divisible by 2 and 3.

6.Divisibility by 9: To test for divisibility by 9, add up the

digits of the number. If the sum is divisible by 9, then the
original number is also divisible by 9. For example, 567 is
 EXERCI
SE
Question 1. Is 420 divisible by 6? If so, why?

Answer: Yes, 420 is divisible by 6. Divisibility by 6 requires

two conditions to be met: the number must be divisible
by 2 and 3.

In this case: 420 is divisible by both 2 (an even number)

and 3 (the sum of its digits is 4 + 2 + 0 = 6).

So, we can conclude that it is divisible by 6.

 EXERCI
SE
Question 2. Is 1,254 divisible by 9? If so,
why?

Answer: No, 1,254 is not divisible by 9.

Divisibility by 9 requires that the sum of the digits be

divisible by 9.

In this case, 1 + 2 + 5 + 4 = 12, which is not divisible

by 9.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 3. Is 888 divisible by 12? If so, why?

Answer: Yes, 888 is divisible by 12.

For divisibility by 12, we need the number to be divisible
by both 3 and 4.

In this case, 888 satisfies both conditions.

The sum of its digits is 8 + 8 + 8 = 24, which is divisible
by 3, and the number formed by the last two digits, 88.
It is divisible by 4.
Therefore, we can determine that 888 is divisible by 12.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 4. Is 720 divisible by 6? If so, why?

Answer: Yes, 720 is divisible by 6.

Divisibility by 6 requires the number to be divisible by
both 2 and 3.

In this case, 720 satisfies both conditions.

It is divisible by 2 since it is an even number, and the sum
of its digits is 7 + 2 + 0 = 9, which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, 720 is divisible by 6.
 EXERCI
Question 5. Is SE
1410 divisible by 6? If so,
why?

Answer: Yes, 1,410 is divisible by 6.

Divisibility by 6 requires the number to be divisible by
both 2 and 3. In this case, 1,410 satisfies both conditions.

It is divisible by 2 (an even number) and the sum of its digits:

1 + 4 + 1 + 0 = 6, which is divisible by 3.

In this case: 420 is divisible by both 2 (an even number)

 EXERCI
SEdivisible by 15? If so, why?
Question 6. Is 2,250

Answer: Yes, 2,250 is divisible by 15.

Divisibility by 15 requires that the number be divisible by
both 3 and 5.

In this case, 2,250 satisfies both conditions.

The sum of its digits is 2 + 2 + 5 + 0 = 9, which is divisible
by 3, and its units digit is 0,which is divisible by 5.

Therefore, 2,250 is divisible by 15.

 EXERCI
Question 7. IsSE
1,452 divisible by 11? If so,
why?

Answer: No, 1,452 is not divisible by 11.

To check divisibility by 11:
We apply the alternating sum of digits rule:
1 - 4 + 5 - 2 = 0.

Since 0 is divisible by 11, we can conclude that

1,452 is divisible by 11.
MODULE-5
 What are
Common factors
and
common multiples?
Common Factors are the numbers that
divide two or more given numbers evenly.
They are the factors that are shared by two or
more numbers.

For example, let's consider the numbers:12

and 18. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and
12, while the factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9,
and 18. The common factors of 12 and 18 are
1, 2, 3, and 6 because they can both divide
evenly into both numbers.
Common Multiples are the numbers that are
divisible by two or more given numbers. They are
the multiples that are shared by two or more
numbers.

For example, let's consider the numbers 4 and 6.

The multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28..so
on
while the multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30,
36...so on. The common multiples of 4 and 6 are
12, 24, 36, and so on because they are divisible
by both numbers.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 1. Find the common factors of 144 and
180.

Answer: To find the common factors of 144 and 180, we can

list the factors
of each number and identify the ones they share.

The factors of 144 are:

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 144.

The factors of 180 are:

 EXERCI
Question 2. FindSE
the common factors of 72, 90,
and 120.

Answer: To find the common factors of 72, 90, and 120, we

can list the factors of each number and identify the ones they
share.

The factors of 72 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 72.

The factors of 90 are: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, and 90.
The factors of 120 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30,
40,
 EXERCI
Question 3. FindSE
the common factors of 84 and
108.

Answer: To find the common factors of 84 and 108,

we can list the factors of each number and identify the
ones they share.

The factors of 84 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 84.
The factors of 108 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, 54, and
108.
 EXERCI
Question 4. FindSE
the common multiples of 4, 5,
and 6.

Answer: Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44,
48, ...
Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, ...
Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, ...

From the lists, we can see that the numbers 20 and 60 appear
in all three lists.
 EXERCI
SE the common multiples of 5
Question 5. Determine
and 7.

Answer: Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, ...
Multiples of 7: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, ...
From the given lists, we can see that the number 35 is a
common multiple of both 5 and 7 since it appears in both lists.

Therefore, the common multiples of 5 and 7 include 35,

70, 105,
140, and so on.
MODULE-6
HCF stands for Highest Common
Factor, also known as Greatest
Common Divisor (GCD).
It is the largest positive integer that
divides two or more numbers without
leaving a remainder.

The HCF of a set of numbers represents

the largest number that is a factor of all
the given numbers.

It is commonly used to simplify fractions,

find equivalent fractions, and solve
problems involving divisibility.
To find the HCF of a set of
numbers, you can follow these
steps:

1.Determine the prime factorization of

each number.

2.Identify the common prime factors

among the numbers.

3. Multiply the common prime factors

together to find the HCF.
 EXERCI
SE the HCF of 16, 24, and 40.
Question 1. Determine

Answer: To find the HCF of three or more numbers, we need

to
determine the largest number that can evenly divide all the
given numbers.

Prime factorization of 16:

Prime factorization of 24: x 3
Prime factorization of 40: x 5
This case, the common prime factor is 2 raised to the power of 3 x
 EXERCI
Question 2. FindSE
the HCF of 315, 525, and 735.

Answer: To find the HCF of three or more numbers, we need

to determine the largest number that can evenly divide all the
given numbers.

Prime factorization of 315: x 5 x 7

Prime factorization of 525: 3 x x 7
Prime factorization of 735: 3 x 5 x

In this case, the common prime factors are 3, 5, and 7

 EXERCI
SE the HCF of 1,008, 1,296,
Question 3. Determine
and 1,512.

Answer: To find the HCF of three or more numbers, we need to

determine the largest number that can evenly divide all the
given numbers.

Prime factorization of 1,008: x x 7

Prime factorization of 1,296: x
Prime factorization of 1,512: x X 7
In this case, the common prime factors are and .
 EXERCI
SE the HCF of 288, 864, and
Question 4. Determine
1,152.

Answer: To find the HCF of three or more numbers, we need

to determine the
largest number that can evenly divide all the given numbers.

Prime factorization of 288: x

Prime factorization of 864: x
Prime factorization of 1,152: x
In this case, the common prime factors are 2 x 5 and 3 x
 EXERCI
SE
Question 5. Find the HCF of 24 and 36.

Answer: To find the HCF of 24 and 36, we need to

determine
The largest number that can evenly divide both 24 and 36.

Prime factorization of 24: x 3

Prime factorization of 36: x

In this case, the common prime factor is 2 raised to

the power
 EXERCI
Question 6. FindSE
the HCF of 75 and 90.

Answer: To find the HCF of 75 and 90, we need to determine

the
largest number that can evenly divide both 75 and 90.

Prime factorization of 75: 3 x

Prime factorization of 90: 2 x x 5
In this case, the common prime factor is 3 raised to the power of
1 ()
and the common factor is 5 raised to the power of 0 ()
since it appears only in the factorization of 75.
MODULE-6
LCM stands for Lowest Common Multiple.
It is the smallest positive integer that is
divisible by
two or more given numbers.

The LCM of a set of numbers represents the

smallest number that is a multiple of all the
given numbers.

It is commonly used in various mathematical

operations, including adding or subtracting
fractions with different denominators, solving
problems involving multiple time intervals,
and finding the least common denominator.
To find the LCM of a set of numbers,
you can
follow these steps:

1.Determine the prime factorization of each

number.

2.Take the highest power of each prime factor

from
the factorizations.

3.Multiply these prime factors together to find

 EXERCI
SE the LCM of 15, 25,
Question 1. Determine
and 35.

Answer: To find the LCM of three or more numbers, we need to

determine the smallest number that is divisible by all the given
numbers.

Prime factorization of 15: 3 x 5

Prime factorization of 25:
Prime factorization of 35: 5 x 7

Here, the LCM is obtained by taking 3, which represents

the highest power
 EXERCI
SE the LCM of 21, 35, and 42.
Question 2. Determine
Answer: To find the LCM of three or more numbers, we need to
determine the smallest number that is divisible by all the given numbers.

Prime factorization of 21: 3 x 7

Prime factorization of 35: 5 x 7
Prime factorization of 42: 2 x 3 x 7

In this case, the LCM is obtained by taking 2, which represents

the highest
Power of 2, 3, which represents the highest power of 3, and 7,
which
 EXERCI
SE the LCM of 85, 110, and
Question 3. Determine
145.

Answer: To find the LCM of three or more numbers, we need to

determine the smallest number that is divisible by all the given
numbers.
Prime factorization of 85: 5 x 17
Prime factorization of 110: 2 x 5 x 11
Prime factorization of 145: 5 x 29

In this case, the LCM is obtained by taking 2, which represents

the highest
Power of 2, 5, which represents the highest power of 5, 11,
 EXERCI
SE
Question 4. Determine the LCM of 419, 721, and
839.

Answer: To find the LCM of three or more numbers, we need

to determine
the smallest number that is divisible by all the given numbers.

Since 419, 721, and 839 are prime numbers, their LCM is
Simply the product of the numbers itself.

Therefore, the LCM of 419, 721, and 839 is 419 x 721 x

 EXERCI
SE
Question 5. Find the LCM of 19, 23, and 29.

Answer: To find the LCM of three or more numbers, we need

to determine
the smallest number that is divisible by all the given numbers.

Since 19, 23, and 29 are prime numbers, their LCM is simply
the product of the numbers itself.

Therefore, the LCM of 19, 23, and 29 is 19 x 23 x 29,

which equals 12,853.
 EXERCI
SE
Question 6. Find the LCM of 36, 48, and 72.

Answer: To find the LCM of three or more numbers, we need to

determine the smallest number that is divisible by all the given
numbers.

Prime factorization of 36: x

Prime factorization of 48: x 3
Prime factorization of 72: x

In this case, the LCM is obtained by taking , which represents

the
highest power of 2, and , which represents the highest power