FUZZY LOGIC
Introduction
• The term fuzzy refers to things which are not clear or are vague such as
'tallness.' For example, we might say that 'President Clinton is tall,' with
degree of truth of 0.9. In the real world many times we encounter a
situation when we can’t determine whether the state is true or false, their
fuzzy logic provides a very valuable flexibility for reasoning.
• In boolean system truth value, 1.0 represents absolute truth value and 0.0
represents absolute false value. But in the fuzzy system, there is no logic
for absolute truth and absolute false value. But in fuzzy logic, there is
intermediate value too present which is partially true and partially false.
Applications
• It is used in the aerospace field for altitude control of spacecraft and
satellite.
• It has used in the automotive system for speed control, traffic control.
• It is used for decision making support systems and personal evaluation
in the large company business.
• It has application in chemical industry for controlling the pH, drying,
chemical distillation process.
• Fuzzy logic are used in Natural language processing and various
intensive applications in Artificial Intelligence.
• Fuzzy logic are extensively used in modern control systems such as
expert systems.
• Fuzzy Logic is used with Neural Networks as it mimics how a person
would make decisions, only much faster
Architecture
Its Architecture contains four parts :
• RULE BASE: It contains the set of rules and the IF-THEN conditions
provided by the experts to govern the decision making system, on
the basis of linguistic information.
• FUZZIFICATION: It is used to convert inputs i.e. crisp numbers into
fuzzy sets. Crisp inputs are basically the exact inputs measured by
sensors and passed into the control system for processing, such as
temperature, pressure, etc.
• INFERENCE ENGINE: It determines the matching degree of the
current fuzzy input with respect to each rule and decides which
rules are to be fired according to the input field. Next, the fired rules
are combined to form the control actions.
• DEFUZZIFICATION: It is used to convert the fuzzy sets obtained by
inference engine into a crisp value. There are several defuzzification
methods available and the best suited one is used with a specific
expert system to reduce the error.
Membership Function
• A graph that defines how each point in the input space is mapped
to membership value between 0 and 1. Input space is often referred
as the universe of discourse or universal set (u), which contain all
the possible elements of concern in each particular application.
There are largely three types of fuzzifiers:
• Singleton fuzzifier
• Gaussian fuzzifier
• Trapezoidal or triangular fuzzifier
• These fuzzy sets are represented graphically using membership
functions and the output is decided based on the degree of
membership in each part of the function. The membership of the
sets is decided by the IF-Else logic.
• Generally the variables of the set are the state of the inputs and the
degrees of changes of the input and the membership of the output
depends on the logic of AND operation of the state of the input and
the rate of change of the input.
A Simple Control System using Fuzzy Logic to Control the Speed of the Fan Depending on the Temperature of the Input
Suppose you want to control the speed of the
fan depending on the temperature of the room.
For a normal layman if the temperature of the
room is such that he/she feels too hot, then the
fan speed is increased to the full value. If he/she
feels a bit hot, then the fan speed is increased
moderately. If he/she feels too cold, the fan
speed is decreased drastically.
So How to make your Computer do this?
• The temperature sensor measures the temperature values of
the rooms. The obtained values are taken and then given to
the fuzzifier.
• The fuzzifier assigns linguistic variables for each measured
value and the rate of change of measured value.
– For example if the measured value is 40⁰C and above, then
the room is too hot
– If the measured value is between 30⁰C to 40⁰C, the room is
quite hot
– If the measured value is 22 to 28⁰C , the room is moderate
– If the measured value is 10 to 20⁰C, the room is cold
– If the measured value is below 10, the room is too cold.
• The next step involves the functioning of the inference engine
which contains the information of these member functions as well
as the rule base.
– For example, if Room is too hot AND room is getting heated up rapidly,
then set the fan speed to High
– If Room is too hot AND room is getting heated up slowly, then set the
fan speed to less than High.
• The next step involves converting this linguistic output variables into
numerical variables or logical variables used to drive the fan motor
driver.
• The final step involves controlling the fan speed by giving proper input to
the fan motor driver.
Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System
• This system can work with any type of inputs
whether it is imprecise, distorted or noisy input
information.
• The construction of Fuzzy Logic Systems is easy and
understandable.
• Fuzzy logic comes with mathematical concepts of set
theory and the reasoning of that is quite simple.
• The algorithms can be described with little data, so little
memory is required.
Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems
• Many researchers proposed different ways to solve a given
problem through fuzzy logic which lead to ambiguity.
• Proof of its characteristics is difficult or impossible in most
cases because every time we do not get mathematical
description of our approach.
Thank You
