AIR

CONDITIONIN
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
An air conditioning system is a
mechanical system designed to control
the temperature, humidity, and air
quality of an enclosed space. Its main
function is to cool down indoor air during
hot weather, but many systems also
provide heating, ventilation, and air
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Main Functions:
Cooling – removes heat from the air.
Dehumidifying – reduces moisture in the
air.
Air Circulation – distributes cooled or
heated air evenly.
Air Filtration – removes dust, pollen, and
other airborne particles.
Components
COMPRESSOR

Compresses the
refrigerant gas.
Components
CONDENSER

Releases heat from

the refrigerant to
the outside.
Components
EVAPORATOR

Absorbs heat from

indoor air.
Components
REFRIGERANT

The fluid that

circulates to
transfer heat.
Components
FAN/BLOWER
Moves air through the system.
Basic Principles of Air
Conditioning
Air conditioning operates on scientific
principles primarily rooted in
thermodynamics, heat transfer, and the
refrigeration cycle. The goal of an air
conditioning system is to remove heat
from an indoor space and release it
outdoors, thereby cooling and
Heat Transfer
Air conditioning is based on the movement
of heat from one area to another.
• Heat always flows from a warmer body
to a cooler one.
• In air conditioning, heat is absorbed
from the indoor air and released to the
outside environment.
• This is achieved using a refrigerant,
which changes phase (liquid to gas and
Refrigeration Cycle (Vapor
Compression Cycle)
This is the process that enables air
conditioners to transfer heat. It involves
four major stages:
a.Compression
b.Condensation
c.Expansion
Refrigeration Cycle (Vapor
Compression Cycle)
COMPRESSION
The compressor takes in low-pressure
refrigerant gas from the evaporator and
compresses it into a high-pressure, high-
temperature gas. This increases the
energy level of the refrigerant.
Refrigeration Cycle (Vapor
Compression Cycle)
CONDENSATION
• The high-pressure gas flows into the
condenser coil, usually located outside
the room.
• A fan blows outdoor air across the coil,
causing the refrigerant to release its
heat to the outside.
Refrigeration Cycle (Vapor
Compression Cycle)
EXPANSION
• The liquid refrigerant passes through an
expansion valve (or capillary tube),
which reduces its pressure.
• This sudden drop in pressure causes the
refrigerant to cool rapidly, turning into a
low-pressure, cold liquid.
Humidity Control
(Dehumidification)
• Warm air holds more moisture. When
air is cooled in the evaporator coil,
moisture condenses into water droplets
(like dew).
• This water is collected in a drain pan
and removed through a drainpipe.
• This process reduces humidity, making
the indoor environment more
Air Circulation
• Fans and blowers move air through the
system:
⚬Indoor fan: pulls warm air from the
room through filters and across the
evaporator coil.
⚬Outdoor fan: helps cool the
refrigerant in the condenser coil.
Temperature Control
• A thermostat is used to monitor the
room’s temperature.
• When the set temperature is reached,
the thermostat signals the system to
turn off the compressor.
• When the temperature rises again, the
system turns back on, maintaining a
Energy Conversion
• The system consumes electrical energy
to run the compressor and fans.
• This electrical energy is converted into
mechanical work (compression of
refrigerant) and heat movement (via
refrigerant flow).
• Efficient air conditioners are designed
to use less energy while providing
WINDOW-TYPE AIR
CONDITIONER
A compact and self-
contained unit that
houses all components
in one box. It is
typically mounted in a
window or a specially
designed hole in a wall.
WINDOW-TYPE AIR
CONDITIONER
• Ideal for small rooms
(10–30 sqm).
• Operates using a plug-
and-play system.
• Has manual or remote-
control options.
WINDOW-TYPE AIR
CONDITIONER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Easy to install and • Noisy operation (due
relocate. to all parts being in
• Generally, more one unit).
affordable than split- • Blocks part of the
type units. window or wall.
• No separate outdoor • Less energy efficient
unit required.
compared to inverter
SPLIT-TYPE AIR CONDITIONER
A split-type system consists of two
separate units:
Indoor unit: evaporator coil and blower
Outdoor unit: compressor and
condenser coil
The two units are connected by
refrigerant piping and electrical wiring.
SPLIT-TYPE AIR CONDITIONER
FEATURES:
• Suitable for medium to large
rooms.
• Comes in non-inverter and inverter
models.
• Offers remote control, timer, air
filter, and sleep mode.
SPLIT-TYPE AIR CONDITIONER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Quieter operation • Requires
(compressor is professional
outside). installation.
• More energy-efficient
• Higher initial cost.
and aesthetically
• Permanent
pleasing.
• Provides better mounting needed.
airflow and cooling
INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER
An inverter AC uses a variable-speed
compressor that adjusts its speed depending
on the cooling demand. Unlike conventional
ACs that turn off and on repeatedly, inverters
run continuously and automatically adjust.
INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER
FEATURES:

• Maintains a consistent room

temperature.
• Commonly available in split-type or
floor-mounted units.
• Often has energy rating certifications.
 INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Saves 30–50% more • Higher initial cost,
electricity. but long-term
• Longer compressor life savings.
due to reduced on/off • Requires specific
cycles. maintenance and
• Quieter and more skilled technicians.
environmentally friendly
 Portable Air Conditioner
A freestanding unit that
can be moved from one
room to another. It uses a
flexible exhaust hose to
remove warm air, which
must be directed outside
through a window or
INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER
FEATURES

• Plug into a standard electrical outlet.

• Some models include dehumidifier and
fan modes.
• Suitable for temporary or rental spaces
INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• No permanent • Noisier than split-
installation needed. type units.
• Movable and • Takes up floor
versatile. space.
• Can be stored when • Less efficient and
not in use. slower cooling.
Floor-Mounted Air Conditioner
This type is mounted
near the floor level,
often used when high
wall space is limited. It
works similarly to split-
type ACs, with an
external unit outside the
Floor-Mounted Air Conditioner
FEATURES:

• Good for low-wall rooms, such as attics

or small buildings.
• Offers strong airflow at la ow level.
• Can be partially recessed into the wall.
Floor-Mounted Air Conditioner
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Easy to maintain • Takes up wall or
(accessible height). floor space.
• Ideal for elderly • Not ideal for rooms
users or rooms with needing overhead
low ceilings. air distribution.
• Fast room cooling.
Centralized Air Conditioning
System
Used in large
buildings, this system
cools air at a central
location and then
distributes it through
a network of ducts to
Centralized Air Conditioning
System
FEATURES:

• Uses air handling units (AHU) and

ductwork.
• Controlled by a central thermostat or
building management system.
• Can be chilled-water based or
 Centralized Air Conditioning
System
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Uniform temperature • Expensive installation
throughout the
building. and maintenance.
• Less visible equipment • Requires complex
(everything hidden in ducting and planning.
walls/ceilings). • May be inefficient for
• Often integrated with
heating, ventilation, small or rarely used