NEEDS
ANALYSIS
English for
Specific
Purposes
“From each
according to his
ability, to each
-Karl Marx
according to his
need”
Needs
Analysis
DEFINITION PRINCIPLES
To find what (content) Emphasize understanding
and how the specific requirements
(methodology) of the of a situation or target
course audience
TYPES PROCEDURE
Target needs Steps to conduct Needs
Learning needs Analyses
01
DEFINITION
To find what (content) and
how (methodology) of the
course
Needs Analysis
Graves (2000: 98)
considers needs
analysis as “a
systematic and
ongoing process of
gathering information
about students’ needs
and preferences,
interpreting the
information, and then
making course
decisions based on the
interpretation in order
Purposes of
Needs To collect
information about a
Analysis particular problem
learners are
experiencing.
To find out what To determine which
language skills a learner students from a group
needs in order to are most in need of
perform a particular role. training in particular
language skills.
To help determine if an To a identify a gap
existing course between what students
adequately addresses are able to do and what
the needs of potential they need to be able to
students. do.
02
PRINCIPLES
Emphasize understanding the
specific requirements of a situation
or target audience
PRINCIPLES FOR
ANALYZING
LEARNER NEEDS
Give first priority to
1 communication
needs
4 Invite multiple
perspectives
Give equal Employ multiple
2 importance to
learning needs
5 data collection
methods
Treat needs
3 Take ‘context’ into
account 6 analysis as an
ongoing activity
03
TYPES
Target needs
Learning needs
TARGET NEEDS Necessities
What the learner has
to know in order to
According to function accordingly
Hutchinson and Waters in the target
situation.
(1987) it mainly Lacks
Gap between the
related to ‘what the target proficiency
learner need to do in and the existing
proficiency of the
the target situation’. learners
Wants
Are the learners
personal subjective
expectations
• Refer to what the learner
LEARNING needs to do in order to
NEEDS actually learn/ acquire the
language.
• Learning needs analysis
looks for information
about; the learners, their
learning styles and
strategies, language skills,
selection of teaching
materials, the setting and
the time load.
• Focus on how people learn
the language that relates
mostly to methodology.
• Learning needs consist of
LEARNING input,
NEEDS procedure(activities),
learning atmosphere,
learner’s role and
teacher’s role.
• The learning needs may
include educational
background, motivation,
interest, previous courses,
preferred course length,
and preferred learning
arrangement, preferred
methodology, learning
styles, learning goals and
expectations for the
04
PROCEDURE
nduct
Steps to co
sis
Needs Analy
How to conduct needs analysis?
A. Get ready to
do
1. Define objectives
2. Decide the sample from
population
3. Decide approaches
4. Recognize limitations
B.5.Do thedata collection procedures
Select
research
6. Collect data
7. Analyze data
8. Interpret results
C. Use the
results
9. Determine the objectives
10. Evaluate the report on the NA project (application in course
design)
Thank
You!
