Understanding
Culture, Society and
Politics
Prepared by: Ms. Rica A. Aquino
CULTURAL
CHARADES
CULTURE
SOCIETY
A culture is a way of life of
a group of people-- the
behaviors, beliefs, values,
and symbols that they
accept, generally without
thinking about them, and
that are passed along by
communication and
imitation from one
What is generation to the next.
CULTURE?
Culture and
Society
Culture and society are intricately
related. A culture consists of the
“objects” of a society, whereas a
society consists of the “people”
who share a common culture.
CLASSIFICATION OF
CULTURE
A. Material
B. Non-Material
b.1. Cognitive
b.2. Normative
MATERIAL CULTURE
includes all material
objects or those
components or
elements of culture
with physical
representation.
MATERIAL CULTURE
NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
There are
components of
culture that are
nontangible or
without physical
representation
2 CATERGORIES OF
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
1.COGNITIVE CULTURE
• includes the ideas, concepts,
philosophies, design, etc. that are
products of the mental or intellectual
functioning and reasoning of the human
mind.
2 CATERGORIES OF
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
2. NORMATIVE CULTURE
• includes all the expectations, standards
and rules for human behavior.
Elements of
Culture
A. BELIEFS
Beliefs are conceptions or ideas people have
about what is true in the environment around
them like what is life, how to value it, and how
one’s belief on the value of life relate with his
other interaction with others and the world.
B. VALUES
Values describes what is appropriate or inappropriate
(good or bad; desirable or undesirable; worthy or
unworthy) in a given society or what ought to be.
B. VALUES
People live in a culture
wherein SYMBOLS are
used to understand each
other.
B. VALUES
B. VALUES
B. VALUES
C. LANGUAGE
A shared set of spoken
and written symbols.
D. TECHNOLOGY
Refers to the
application of
knowledge and
equipment to ease
the task of living and
maintaining the
E. NORMS
Norms are specific
rules/standards to guide
appropriate behavior.
E. NORMS
TYPES OF NORMS:
a. Proscriptive
• defines and tells us things not to do.
b. Prescriptive
• defines and tells us things to do
FORMS OF
NORMS
1.FOLKWAYS
• also known as customs,
these are norms for
everyday behavior that
people follow for the sake
of tradition or convenience.
• folkways are norms that
ORDINARY PEOPLE FOLLOW IN
EVERYDAY LIFE.
• folkways are NOT STRICTLY
ENFORCED
1.FOLKWAYS
2. MORES
• These are strict norms that
control moral and ethical
behavior. Mores are norms
based on definition of RIGHT
and WRONG.
• Mores are norms are taken
more seriously and are
strictly enforced.
• ESSENTIAL TO OUR CORE
VALUES
3. LAWS
• These are codified
ethics, and
formally agreed,
written down and
enforced by an
official law
CHARACTERISTICS
OF CULTURE
1.CULTURE IS
LEARNED
• Is learned through families,
friends, institutions and media.
• ENCULTURATION- process of
learning about culture.
2. CULTURE IS SHARED
• Groups of people usually share
similar behavior patterns which
develop overtime.
3. CULTURE IS INTEGRATED
• Culture is holistic in nature,
different cultures are
interconnected. Different
cultural manifestation
distinguished one society from
4. CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE AND
DYNAMIC
• Adopts to various environmental
and geographical conditions.
• EX: From hunter-gatherer to
globalized world.
6. CULTURE IS SYMBOLIC
• Societies developed a way to
manifest concepts and ideas,
and a symbol stands for
different meaning for different
societies.
Culture is transmitted through
• ENCULTURATION- learning your
own culture
• ACCULTURATION- learning some
parts of another culture
• ASSIMILATION- losing your own
culture and acquiring another
SOCIETY
• The people who interact in such a way as to
share a common culture.
• The term society can also have geographic
meaning and refer to people who share a
common culture in a particular location.
CHARACTERISTIC
S OF SOCIETY
1.SOCIETY IS
ABSTRACT
2. LIKENESS AND
DIFFERENCES IN SOCIETY
3. COOPERATION & CONFLICT
IN SOCIETY
4. SOCIETY IS A PROCESS,
NOT A PRODUCT
5. SOCIETY IS A SYSTEM OF
STRATIFICATION
POLITICS
• The term “politics”, is gotten from the greek
word “polis”, which implies the city state.
According to greek rationalists, politics was a
subject which managed all the execersis and
undertakings of the city state.
CHARACTERISTIC
OF POLITICS
1.USE or THREAT OF USE
OF LEGAL FORCE
• It allows the legal authority to use force.
2. INTERACTIONS
• The political system not only includes
governmental institutions such as
legislatures, executives, courts,
administrative agencies but all structures in
their political aspect.
3. INTERDEPENDENCE OF
PARTS
• When the properties of one component in a
sytsem change, all the other components
and the system as whole are affected.
LEGISLATIVE
• Composed of 24 senators
• The term of office of the senators
is 6 years
• Composed of 250 members
• The term of office of members of
house of representative or
“congress” is 3 years.
LEGISLATIVE
ABALOS, JC M. Hon. ROMUALDEZ, FER
Vicente “Tito” Sotto III
DINAND MARTIN G.
(September 8, 2025) Party-list
House Speaker
Representative
EXECUTIVE
PRESIDEN VICE CABINET
T PRESIDEN SECRETARIE
EXECUTIVE
• Chief Executive and
Commander-in-chief of the
Armed Forces of the
Philippines
•Authority to appoint
his/her cabinet
JUDICIAL
the part of a government
that interprets laws and
settles legal disputes
SUPREME COURT
The Supreme Court of the
Philippines is the highest
court in the country's
judicial system.
COURT OF APPEALS
Appellate court that
reviews decisions made by
Regional Trial Courts. It
acts as an intermediate
court between the trial
courts and the Supreme
Court.
COURT OF TAX APPEALS
The Court of Tax Appeals
(CTA) in the Philippines is
a specialized court that
primarily handles tax-
related cases, both civil
and criminal.
1. SUPREME COURT
2. COURT OF APPEALS
3. SANDIGANBAYAN
4. COURT OF TAX APPEALS
5. REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS
6. METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURTS
7. MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS IN
CITIES
8. MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS
Thank you!
