LEADERSHIP
UNIT-6: CONTINGENCY AND SITUATIONAL
LEADERSHIP & CHARISMATIC AND
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
By
Dr.G.P.Sudhakar, PhD, PMP
ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education
TOPICS TO DISCUSS
Charismatic Leadership:
Meaning of Charisma
Types of Charismatic Leaders
Characteristics of Charismatic
Leaders
Vision Component of Charismatic
Leadership
Communication Styles of
Charismatic Leaders 2
Development of Charisma
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP
MEANING OF CHARISMA
MEANING OF CHARISMA
“Charisma” --- A Greek word;
Meaning: “Divinely Inspired gift”
Charisma means Charming and Colorful
Personality
Charisma is a Special Quality – distinguishes
Charismatic leaders with Purpose, Power and
Extraordinary Determination from Normal People
Charisma is a +ve Compelling Quality which
Makes Others To Follow the Leader
Charisma is based on Perceptions.
Result: Followers are Committed to Leader, Self-
Sacrifice, and High Performance. 5
Research: Proved that Charismatic Leadership
Can be Trained
CHARISMA: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
LEADER AND GROUP MEMBERS
Charisma involves interaction between
Leader and Group Members
Leader has Exceptional Gift for Inspiration
and Non-Rational Communication.
Resultant Respondents can be Characterized
by Devotion and Emotional Dependence.
Example: Wal-Mart Founder Sam Walton –
Inspired Executive -- Whom Employees Could
Trust Their Careers.
Charismatic Leaders Use Impression
Management for Managing Relationships
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CHARISMA: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
LEADER AND GROUP MEMBERS
Techniques for Impression Management:
CharismaticLeaders use Set of Images to
Convey that They are:
Trust worthy, Innovative, Credible, Morally Worthy,
Esteemed and Powerful
CharismaticLeaders use Assertive Impression
Management Techniques to Convey Vision,
Strategies….
Charismatic Leader works hard to create +ve
Vision for his Group Members
Constituents Will have High Desire to Identify
with the Leader
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EFFECT OF CHARISMA:
JANE A. HALPERT’S DIMENSIONS OF CHARISMA
Referent Power Expert Power
CHARISMA
Job Involvement
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EFFECT OF CHARISMA
According to Jane A. Halpert (and Earlier work of Robert J.
House) Charisma has effect on Group Members in 3
Dimensions such as:
Referent Power:
Group Members’ trust in the Correctness of the Leader’s Beliefs
Similarity of Group Members’ beliefs to Those of the Leader
Unquestioning Acceptance of the Leader
Expert Power:
Affection for the Leader
Willing Obedience for the Leader
Identification with and Emulation of the Leader
Job Involvement:
Emotional Involvement of Group Members in Mission
High end goals of Group Members
Feeling of Group Members that They will Contribute to the 9
Mission
TYPES OF CHARISMATIC
LEADERS
TYPES OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS
Five Different Types of Charismatic Leaders:
1. Socialized Charismatics: Uses Power in order
to benefit others; Brings Group Member values
inline with His Own Values
2. Personalized Charismatics: Serves others
only when their own interests are served
3. Office-Holder Charismatics: gains high
status by occupying a Valuable role in
Organization; They are like Office Property;
4. Personal Charismatics: gains high esteem
through Others faith on leader
5. Divine Charismatics: leader has a gift of 11
divine grace; personally magnetic;
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CHARISMATIC LEADERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARISMATIC
LEADERS
Following are Characteristics of Charismatic Leaders:
i. Charismatic Leaders are Visionary.
ii. Charismatic leaders have Masterful Communication Skills
iii. They use colorful language.
iv. They have Ability to Inspire Trust
v. They make Group Members feel Capable
vi. They have Energy and Action Orientation
vii. They are Emotionally Expressive and Warmth
viii. They enjoy Risk Taking
ix. They use Unconventional Strategies to Achieve Success.
x. They have Self Promoting Personality
xi. They test Courage and Self-Confidence of Others by
Asking Questions
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VISION COMPONENT OF
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP
VISION COMPONENT OF CHARISMATIC
LEADERSHIP
Vision – Long Term Goal
Effective Charismatic Leaders have Vision
According to Jim Collins, a Strategy Guru, Vision
statement of an Organization combines:
A reason for Being Beyond Making Money
Timeless, Unchanging Core Values
Ambitious but Achievable Goals
Example: Vision Statements
Microsoft: “To Help People and Businesses
Through out the World Realize Their Full
Potential”
Tommy Hilfiger: “Whatever Our Customers 15
Want Us to be”
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
REQUIRED FOR CREATING A
VISION
Sources of Information Required for Creating a
Vision Statement:
Developments in Leader’s field, Markets,
Demographics, and Group Members fields
Work of Futurists
Group Discussion of What it takes to delight
the People
Annual Reports, Management Books,
Business Magazines
Speaking to Group Members and Friends
Keeping Business Unit Vision inline with
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Organizational Vision
COMMUNICATION STYLES OF
CHARISMATIC LEADERS
COMMUNICATION STYLES OF
CHARISMATIC LEADERS
Charismatic Leaders Communicate their
Vision, Goals and Directives in a Colorful,
Imaginative and Expressive Manner.
They create Comfortable Communication
Climate
They encourage Two way Communication
with Team Members
Charismatics Leaders Communicate
Using:
Management by Inspiration: Use Metaphors,
Analogies, & Adapt their language to Audience
Management by Anecdote: Leaders use 18
fascinating Stories to Communicate with Team
Members
DEVELOPMENT OF CHARISMA
DEVELOPMENT OF CHARISMA
Following are the Techniques for Developing
Charisma:
Create Vision for Others: it connects with goals and
dreams for team members
Be Enthusiastic, Optimistic and Energetic: maintain
these 3 elements though out workday and beyond
Be Sensibly Persistent: tendency to say “no”; and
knowing where to stop loss;
Remember Names of People: remember names of
people by listening, repeating and by studying the
person’s face
Make an Impressive Appearance: look good
Be Candid: Leaders Express Their stand and Assess
Situations
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Display an In-Your-Face Attitude: Express as Positive,
Warm and Humanistic Person
REFERENCE:
1. Andrew J. Dubrin (2008), Leadership:
Research Findings, Practice and Skills,
Biztantra Publications.
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THANK YOU
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