USING COMPUTER DEVICES

INPUT & OUTPUT DEVICES

soche technical collage

ICT LEVEL 1
 There are Three main computer
components that are given below
and they can be extended to Five :

COMPUTER  Input Devices

 CPU

COMPONENT  Output Devices

Additional
S  Primary Memory
 Secondary Memory
 COMPUTER
COMPONENT
S
 The operations of computer
components are given below:
• 1) Inputting: It is the process of
entering raw data, instructions and
COMPUTER information into the computer. It is
OPERATIONS performed with the help of input
devices.
• 2) Storing: The computer has primary
memory and secondary storage to
store data and instructions. It stores
the data before sending it to CPU for
processing and also stores the
processed data before displaying it as
output.
 3) Processing: It is the process of converting
the raw data into useful information. This process
is performed by the CPU of the computer. It takes
the raw data from storage, processes it and then
sends back the processed data to storage.

COMPUTER 4) Outputting: It is the process of presenting

the processed data through output devices like
OPERATIONS monitor, printer and speakers.

5) Controlling: This operation is performed by

the control unit that is part of CPU. The control
unit ensures that all basic operations are
executed in a right manner and sequence.
 🤔What other input devices have
you used? What new input
devices will we have 20 years
DISCUSSION from now
?
INPUT DEVICES
Input device enables the user to send data, information, or control
signals to a computer. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a
computer receives the input and processes it to produce the output.
 Microphone
 Keyboard  Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 
Gesture recognition devi
 Mouse (MICR) ces
 Scanner  Optical Character Reader (OCR)  Light Gun
 Joystick  Digital Camera  Touch Pad
 Light Pen  Paddle  Remote
 Digitizer  Steering Wheel  Touch screen
 Webcam  Biometric Devices  VR
KEYBOARD
  The KEYBOARD is a basic input
device that is used to enter data
into a computer or any other
electronic device by pressing
keys. It has different sets of keys
for letters, numbers, characters,
and functions. Keyboards are

KEYBOARD connected to a computer

through USB or a Bluetooth
device for wireless
communication.
 There can be different types of
keyboards based on the region
and language used. Some of
the common types of
keyboards are as follows:
TYPES OF
KEYBOARDS

QWERTY KEYBOARD
 It is the most commonly used
keyboard with computers in
modern times. It is named
after the first six letters of the
top row of buttons and is even
popular in countries that do
not use Latin-based alphabet.
It is so popular that some
people think that it is the only
type of keyboard to use with
computers as an input device.
TYPES OF KEYBOARDS

AZERTY KEYBOARD
 AZERTY KEYBOARD
 It is considered the standard French
keyboard. It is developed in France as an
alternative layout to the QWERTY layout
and is mainly used in France and other
European countries. Some countries have
manufactured their own versions of

TYPES OF
AZERTY.
 Its name is derived from the first six letters
that appear on the top left row of the
keyboard. The Q and W keys in AZERTY

KEYBOARDS keyboard are interchanged with A and Z

keys in QWERTY keyboard. Furthermore, in
AZERTY keyboard M key is located to the
left of the L key.
 AZERTY keyboard differs from QWERTY
keyboard not only in the placement of
letters but also in many other ways, e.g., it
gives emphasis on accents, which is
required for writing European languages
like French.
TYPES OF KEYBOARDS

DVORAK KEYBOARD
 This type of keyboard layout was developed
to increase the typing speed by reducing
the finger movement while typing. The
most frequently used letters are kept in a
home row to improve typing.
MOUSE
 The MOUSE is a hand-held input device which is
used to move cursor or pointer across the screen. It
is designed to be used on a flat surface and generally
has left and right button and a scroll wheel between
them. Laptop computers come with a touchpad that
works as a mouse. It lets you control the movement
of cursor or pointer by moving your finger over the
touchpad. Some mouse comes with integrated
MOUSE features such as extra buttons to perform different
The mouse was invented by Douglas C. Engelbart in
buttons.
1963. Early mouse had a roller ball integrated as a
movement sensor underneath the device. Modern
mouse devices come with optical technology that
controls cursor movements by a visible or invisible
light beam. A mouse is connected to a computer
through different ports depending on the type of
computer and type of a mouse.
COMMON TYPES
OF THE MOUSE
TRACKBALL MOUSE
It is a stationary input device
that has ball mechanism to
move the pointer or cursor on
the screen. The ball is half
inserted in the device and can
be easily rolled with finger,
thumb or the palm to move
the pointer on the screen. The
device has sensor to detect
the rotation of ball. It remains
stationary; you don't need to
move it on the operating
surface. So, it is an ideal
device if you have limited
desk space as you don't need
to move it like a mouse.
COMMON TYPES
OF THE MOUSE

MECHANICAL MOUSE
It has a system of a ball
and several rollers to
track its movement. It is
a corded type of mouse.
A mechanical mouse can
be used for high
performance. The
drawback is that they
tend to get dust into the
mechanics and thus
require regular cleaning.
COMMON TYPES
OF THE MOUSE
OPTICAL MOUSE

An optical mouse uses optical

electronics to track its
movement. It is more reliable
than a mechanical mouse
and also requires less
maintenance. However, its
performance is affected by
the surface on which it is
operated. Plain non-glossy
mouse mat should be used
for best results. The rough
surface may cause problems
for the optical recognition
system, and the glossy
surface may reflect the light
wrongly and thus may cause
tracking issues.
COMMON TYPES
OF THE MOUSE

CORDLESS OR WIRELESS
MOUSE
As the name suggests,
this type of mouse lacks
cable and uses wireless
technology such as IrDA
(infrared) or radio
(Bluetooth or Wi-Fi) to
control the movement of
the cursor. It is used to
improve the experience
of using a mouse. It uses
batteries for its power
supply.
SCANNER
 The SCANNER uses the pictures and
SCANNER pages of text as input. It scans the
picture or a document. The scanned
picture or document then converted
into a digital format or file and is
displayed on the screen as an output.
It uses optical character recognition
techniques to convert images into
digital ones. Some of the common
types of scanners are as follows:
TYPES OF SCANNER

FLATBED SCANNER
It has a glass pane and a moving
optical CIS or CCD array. The light
illuminates the pane, and then the
image is placed on the glass pane. The
light moves across the glass pane and
scans the document and thus produces
its digital copy. You will need a
transparency adapter while scanning
transparent slides.
TYPES OF SCANNER

HANDHELD SCANNER
It is a small manual scanning device which is held by
hand and is rolled over a flat image that is to be
scanned. The drawback in using this device is that
the hand should be steady while scanning; otherwise,
it may distort the image. One of the commonly used
handheld scanners is the barcode scanner which you
would have seen in shopping stores.
TYPES OF SCANNER

SHEETFED SCANNER
In this scanner, the document is inserted into the slot
provided in the scanner. The main components of this
scanner include the sheet-feeder, scanning module, and
calibration sheet. The light does not move in this scanner.
Instead, the document moves through the scanner. It is
suitable for scanning single page documents, not for
thick objects like books, magazines, etc.
TYPES OF SCANNER

DRUM SCANNER
Drum scanner has a photomultiplier
tube (PMT) to scan images. It does not
have a charge-coupled device like a
flatbed scanner. The photomultiplier
tube is extremely sensitive to light. The
image is placed on a glass tube, and
the light moves across the image,
which produces a reflection of the
image which is captured by the PMT
and processed. These scanners have
high resolution and are suitable for
detailed scans.
TYPES OF SCANNER

PHOTO SCANNER
It is designed to scan photographs. It
has high resolution and color depth,
which are required for scanning
photographs. Some photo scanners
come with in-built software for cleaning
and restoring old photographs.
JOYSTICK

 A joystick is also a pointing input device like a mouse. It

is made up of a stick with a spherical base. The base is
fitted in a socket that allows free movement of the stick.
The movement of stick controls the cursor or pointer on
the screen.
 The fist joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory. A joystick can be of different
types such as displacement joysticks, finger-operated
joysticks, hand operated, isometric joystick, and more. In
joystick, the cursor keeps moving in the direction of the
joystick unless it is upright, whereas, in mouse, the
cursor moves only when the mouse moves.
LIGHT PEN

 A light pen is a computer input device

that looks like a pen. The tip of the light
pen contains a light-sensitive detector
that enables the user to point to or
select objects on the display screen. Its
light sensitive tip detects the object
location and sends the corresponding
signals to the CPU. It is not compatible
with LCD screens, so it is not in use
today. It also helps you draw on the
screen if needed. The first light pen was
invented around 1955 as a part of the
Whirlwind project at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT).
DIGITIZER

 Digitizer is a computer input device that has a flat surface

and usually comes with a stylus. It enables the user to
draw images and graphics using the stylus as we draw on
paper with a pencil. The images or graphics drawn on the
digitizer appear on the computer monitor or display screen.
The software converts the touch inputs into lines and can
also convert handwritten text to typewritten words.
 It can be used to capture handwritten signatures and data
or images from taped papers. Furthermore, it is also used
to receive information in the form of drawings and send
output to a CAD (Computer-aided design) application and
software like AutoCAD. Thus, it allows you to convert hand-
drawn images into a format suitable for computer
processing.
MICROPHONE

 The microphone is a computer input

device that is used to input the sound. It
receives the sound vibrations and
converts them into audio signals or
sends to a recording medium. The audio
signals are converted into digital data
and stored in the computer. The
microphone also enables the user to
telecommunicate with others. It is also
used to add sound to presentations and
with webcams for video conferencing. A
microphone can capture audio waves in
different ways; accordingly the three
most common types are described
below:
TYPES OF
MICROPHONE
DYNAMIC
It is the most commonly
used microphone with a
simple design. It has a
magnet which is wrapped
by a metal coil and a thin
sheet on the front end of
the magnet. The sheet
transfers vibrations from
sound waves to the coil
and from coil to electric
wires which transmit the
sound like an electrical
signal.
TYPES
OF MICROPHONE
CONDENSER
It is designed for audio
recording and has a very
sensitive and flat frequency
response. It has a front
plate called diaphragm and
a back plate parallel to the
front plate. When sound
hits the diaphragm, it
vibrates the diaphragm and
alters the distance between
the two plates. The
changes in distance are
transmitted as electric
signals.
RIBBON

It is known for its reliability. It has a thin ribbon

made of aluminum, duraluminum, or nanofilm
suspended in a magnetic field. The sound waves
cause vibrations in the ribbon, which generate a
voltage proportional to the velocity of the
vibration. The voltage is transmitted as an
electrical signal. Early ribbon microphones had a
transformer to increase the output voltage, but
modern ribbon microphones come with advanced
magnets to produce a strong signal.
MAGNETIC INC CHARACTER RECOGNITION (MICR)
 MICR computer input device is designed
to read the text printed with magnetic
ink. MICR is a character recognition
technology that makes use of special
magnetized ink which is sensitive to
magnetic fields. It is widely used in banks
to process the cheques and other
organizations where security is a major
concern. It can process three hundred
cheques in a minute with hundred-
percent accuracy. The details on the
bottom of the cheque (MICR No.) are
written with magnetic ink. A laser printer
with MICR toner can be used to print the
magnetic ink.
 The device reads the details and sends to
a computer for processing. A document
printed in magnetic ink is required to
pass through a machine which
magnetizes the ink, and the magnetic
information is then translated into
OPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR)
 OCR computer input device is designed
to convert the scanned images of
handwritten, typed or printed text into
digital text. It is widely used in offices
and libraries to convert documents and
books into electronic files.
 It processes and copies the physical form
of a document using a scanner. After
copying the documents, the OCR
software converts the documents into a
two-color (black and white), version
called bitmap. Then it is analyzed for
light and dark areas, where the dark
areas are selected as characters, and the
light area is identified as background. It
is widely used to convert hard copy legal
or historic documents into PDFs. The
converted documents can be edited if
required like we edit documents created
in ms word.
DIGITAL CAMERA

 It is a digital device as it captures images

and records videos digitally and then
stores them on a memory card. It is
provided with an image sensor chip to
capture images, as opposed to film used
by traditional cameras. Besides this, a
camera that is connected to your
computer can also be called a digital
camera.
 It has photosensors to record light that
enters the camera through the lens. When
the light strikes the photosensors, each of
the sensors returns the electrical current,
which is used to create the images.
PADDLE

 It is a simple input device that is widely

used in games. It is a wheel that is held
by hand and looks like a volume knob on
a stereo that is used to increase or
decrease the volume. Paddle moves or
controls cursor or any other objects in the
game in a back-and-forth motion. It is
widely used as an alternative to the
joystick. Besides this, the term paddle
also refers to many handheld devices
designed to control a function in an
electronic device, computer, etc.
 It is used as an input
STEERING WHEEL
device in racing video
games such as car
racing games or in
driving programs as
virtual simulators to
steer a vehicle. It works
like the real steering
wheel by allowing you
to take a right or left
turn. A steering wheel
may be provided with
acceleration and brake
pedal devices and a
mechanism for shifting
gears. Thus, it makes
racing games more
adventurous and
entertaining.
GESTURE
RECOGNITION
DEVICES
These devices take human
gestures as input. There are
many such devices that
respond to gestures. For
example, Kinect is one such
device that observes the
movement of a player's body
and interprets these
movements as inputs to video
games. This feature is also
available in certain tablets and
smartphones where you can
perform certain tasks such as
taking pictures using finger
gestures such as swiping,
pinching, etc.
LIGHT GUN
 As the name suggests, it
is a pointing input device
that is designed to point
at and shoot the targets
on the screen in a video
game, or arcade, etc.
The light gun was used
for the first time on the
MIT Whirwind computer.
When the gun is pointed
at the target on the
screen and the trigger is
pulled, the screen goes
blank for a fraction of a
second. During this
moment, the photodiode,
which is present in the
barrel, determines where
the gun is pointed. For
example, shooting ducks
in a duck hunt game.
TOUCHPAD
 It is usually found in
laptops as a substitute for
the mouse. It allows you
to move or control the
cursor on the screen using
your finger. Just like a
mouse, it also has two
buttons for right and left
click. Using the touchpad,
you can perform all the
tasks that you do with a
mouse, such as selecting
an object on the screen,
copy, paste, delete, open
a file or folder, and more.
REMOTE
It is a hardware device
designed to control the
functioning of a device, e.g., a
TV remote that can be used to
change channels, increase or
decrease the volume, from a
distance without leaving the
seat. The first cordless TV
remote was invented by Dr.
Robert Adler of Zenith in
1956. The remote sends the
electromagnetic waves to
communicate with the device.
These waves can be infrared
rays, radio waves, etc.
It is the display screen of a
TOUCH SCREEN
device such as a
smartphone, tablet, etc., that
allows users to interact or
provide inputs to the device
by using their finger. Today,
most of the electronic
devices come with
touchscreen as an alternative
to a mouse for navigating a
graphical user interface. For
example, by touching, you
can unlock your phone, open
emails, open files, play
videos, etc. Besides this, it is
used in lots of devices such
as Camera, Car GPS, Fitness
machine, etc.
The concept of the touch
screen was first introduced
and published by E.A.
Johnson in 1965. The first
touch screen was developed
at the beginning of the 1970s
by CERN engineers Frank
Beck and Bent Stumpe.
VR
VR stands for virtual reality. It
is an artificial or virtual
environment which is
generated by computers. A
person can interact with
virtual objects of this artificial
environment using some input
devices such as headsets,
gloves, headphones, etc. For
example, he or she can find
himself or herself walking on
a beach, watching a football
match, walking in the sky,
etc., without actually doing all
this.
WEBCAM

Any camera which is connected to a computer is

called a webcam. The in-built camera provided on a
computer can also be considered a webcam. It is an
input device as it can take pictures, and can be used
to record videos if required. The pictures and videos
are stored in the computer memory and can be
displayed on the screen if required. Although it works
almost the same as the digital camera, it is different
from a digital camera, as it is designed to take
compact digital photos that can be uploaded easily
on the webpages and shared with others through the
internet.
BIOMETRIC
DEVICES
BIOMETRIC DEVICES

Biometrics refers to a process in which a

person is identified through his or her
biological features such as fingerprints, eye
cornea, face structure, etc. It is done by using
biometric devices, which can be of different
types based on their scanning features and
abilities, such as:
ACTIVITY
DISCUSS
BIOMETRIC
INPUT
DEVICES THAT
YOU KNOW
AND WHAT
YOU THINK
WILL COME
OUT IN THE
NEAR FUTURE?
 FACE
SCANNER
It is designed to identify a
person by scanning his or
her face. It takes the face
measurements of a
person. For example, the
distance between eyes,
nose, and mouth, etc.,
accordingly, it confirms
the identity of a person.
Besides this, it is smart
enough to differentiate
between a person's
picture and the real
person.
HAND SCANNER

The hand of a person can also be

used to verify his or her identity as
every person has a unique pattern
of veins in the palm, just like
fingerprints. This device takes
advantage of this feature; it
identifies a person by scanning the
palm of his hand. It uses infrared
light to scan veins' patterns and
blood flowing in them. Palm is even
more unique than fingerprints.
FINGERPRINT SCANNER

It scans the fingerprints to identify

people or for biometric authentication.
This device is developed, keeping in
mind the fact that no two persons in the
world can have the same fingerprints. It
is widely used in companies as a
fingerprint attendance system to mark
the attendance of employees. This type
of scanners captures the pattern of
valleys and ridges found on a finger and
store it in the memory or database.
When you press your finger on the given
space, it verifies the identity by using its
pattern-matching software.
RETINA OR IRIS SCANNER

It scans the retina or iris of a person's eye to

confirm the identity. This device is more secure
than others as it is next to impossible to copy the
retina or iris. It works by mapping the retina's
blood vessel patterns of the eye. The blood
vessels of retina absorb light more easily as well
as can be identified with appropriate lighting.
In this scan, a beam of low-energy infrared light
falls on the retina through the scanner's
eyepiece. Then, the software captures the
network of blood vessels in the retina and uses it
to verify a person's identity.
VOICE SCANNER

It records the voice of a person and

digitizes it to create a distinctive
voice print or template. The
voiceprints are stored in the
database, and are used to verify
the voice of a person to confirm
his or her identity. The person is
required to speak in the normal or
same voice that was used to
create a voice template. It is not
much reliable as it can be
misused using a tape recording.
END OF E ZALIRA
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