STRUCTURAL SAFETY

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port Presented by:

na Ansari ah Shahid
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ST

Structural Safety is a subject regarding the safety of structures- the construction done by man. It is basically devoted to integrated risk assessment for a wide range of constructed facilities such as buildings, bridges, earth structures,RUCTURAL SAFETY offshore facilities, dams, lifelines and nuclear structural systems. Design and planning is an essential component Click to edit Master subtitle style in every construction work.

To address risk at source, there is a need to look at who creates the risk and address the issue from there.

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SAFETY

Society expects that the occupants and users of buildings , structures and the persons in their vicinity of influence are safe. In SIA(Social Impact Assessments) 160 (1989), safety is defined as follows: Adequate safety with respect to a hazard is ensured provided that the hazard is kept under control by appropriate measures or the risk is limited to an acceptable value. Absolute safety is not achievable.

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Factor of Safety: is a term describing the structural capacity of a system beyond the expected loads or actual loads.

Design factor is a way to compare the factor of safety for structures. It is what the item is required to be able to withstand. Reserve Factor A measure of strength frequently used in Europe is the Reserve Factor (RF).

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Margin of safety To describe the ratio of the strength of the structure to the requirements, Many government agencies and industries (such as aerospace) require the use of a margin of safety. These are some equations regarding the margin of safety: Margin of Safety = Factor of Safety 1

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HAZARDS

Many forms of hazards are involved where structural safety is concerned, including: Fire Hazard Earthquakes Strong Winds Floods

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Fire Hazard: Fire in the workplace poses a hazard to health, property and safety. To prevent any kind of injury from fire, following goals need to be achieved: the technical tools required to enable innovations in multi-hazard risk assessment and mitigation technologies, and the scientific basis to improve the codes and standards used in the design and construction of buildings and physical infrastructure.

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Earthquake:

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DESIGNERS
In specifying the design of a building or structure, the designer should understand how the building or structure can be constructed, cleaned, maintained, and demolished safely. He should be able to: Assess the design so as to review the safety and health risks that the design creates; Eliminate the hazards as far as reasonably practicable. Where hazards cannot be eliminated, designers should assess the resultant risks by looking at the severity and probability of occurrence. 6/12/12

Project Safety and Health Coordinator

To ensure continuity in information flow, the client should appoint a suitably qualified Project Safety and Health Coordinator. The Project Safety and Health Coordinator should follow through with the project from the design stage, to the construction stage until the handover to the client for maintenance.

He should ensure relevant information on safety and health is passed on to the designers, contractors and all other relevant stakeholders at the 6/12/12appropriate time.

Client

The client is able to influence many major decisions in the project such as the engaging of the designers, coordinators, contractors, etc., as well as type of design and materials used. He must demonstrate that he has checked the competence of the coordinator and designer and not merely appoint them based on the fees quoted. And should also provide relevant information that is needed by the project team to enable them to carry out their duties properly at different stages of the project.

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Main Contractor

Main contractors, are responsible for the planning, management and co-ordination of construction works, and play a critical role in ensuring that hazards identified, both prior to and during the actual construction works, are properly addressed. In addition, the main contractor should ensure that subcontractors and designers engaged to carry out the works are competent and adequately resourced.

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IMPLEMENTATION

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IMPORTANCE OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY IN EHS

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DEFINATION

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Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) also Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) or HES is often used as the name of a department in corporations and government agencies. The EHS guidelines were created by the International Finance Corporation in 1998. The General EHS Guidelines contain information on cross-cutting environmental, health, and safety issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. It is designed and should be used together with the

EHS STANDARDS
3. Community Health and Safety
3.2 Structural Safety of Project Infrastructure
Hazards posed to the public while accessing project facilities may include: Physical trauma associated with failure of building structures Burns and smoke inhalation from fires Injuries suffered as a consequence of falls or contact with heavy equipment 6/12/12 Respiratory distress from dust, fumes, or noxious odors

BUILDING CODES
Abuilding code, orbuilding control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such asbuildingsandnonbuilding structures. The main purpose of building codes are to protect public health, safety and general welfare as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. The building code becomeslawof a particular jurisdiction when formallyenactedby the appropriate authority. 6/12/12 Building codes are generally intended to be

Specific Requirements for New Buildings

The life of the new building and safety systems required depends upon the building type, structure, construction, occupancy, and exposures.

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FIRE PREVENTION

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Fire prevention addresses the identification of fire risks and ignition sources, and measures needed to limit fast fire and smoke development. These issues include: Fuel load and control of combustibles Ignition sources Interior finish flame spread characteristics Interior finish smoke production characteristics Human acts, and housekeeping and

EHS STANDARDS

Detection and Alarm Systems

These systems encompass all measures, including communication and public address systems needed to detect a fire and alert: Building staff Emergency response teams Occupants Civil defense

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Compartmentation NDARDS

Compartmentation involves all measures to prevent or slow the spread of fire and smoke, including: Separations Fire walls Floors Doors Dampers

Smoke control systems

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Fire Suppression and Control

Fire suppression and control includes all automatic and manual fire protection installations, such as: Automatic sprinkler systems Manual portable extinguishers Fire hose reels

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EHS STANDARDS Emergency Response Plan

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OTHER HAZARDS

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OTHER HAZARDS
Facilities, buildings, plants, and structures should be situated to minimize potential risks from forces of nature (e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, windstorms, and fires from surrounding areas) All such structures should be designed in accordance with the criteria mandated by situation-, climatic-, and geology specific location risks (e.g. seismic activity, wind loading, and other dynamic loads).

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SEEPAGE- A HAZARD
Black molds grow on wet walls. Bacteria that cause disease can also grow particularly if there are drainpipe leaks. This poses an obvious danger to health because black molds make compounds that have neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties, they cause allergies and set off asthma and can cause invasive mycoses.

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