Binary Search Functions in C++ STL

Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the sorted array. The time complexity of binary search is O(1). This is a C++ program in which we implement various. Binary Search functions in C++ STL

Algorithm

Begin
   Initialize the vector of integer values.
   The functions are used here:
   binary_search(start_pointer, end_pointer, value) = Returns true if the value present in array otherwise    false.

   lower_bound(start_pointer, end_pointer, value) = Returns pointer to “position of value” if container 
      contains 1 occurrence of value. Returns pointer to “first position of value” if container contains 
      multiple occurrence of value. Returns pointer to “position of next higher number than value” if container does not contain occurrence of value.

   upper_bound(start_pointer, end_pointer, value) = Returns pointer to “position of next higher valuethan 
      value” if container contains 1 occurrence of value. Returns pointer to “first position of next higher 
      number than last occurrence of value” if container contains multiple occurrence of value. Returns 
      pointer to “position of next higher number than value” if container does not contain occurrence of value.
   Print the results.
End.

Example Code

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
   vector<int> a = {6,7,10,14,16,20};
   if (binary_search(a.begin(), a.end(), 50))
      cout << "50 exists in vector";
   else
      cout << "50 does not exist";
   cout << endl;
   if (binary_search(a.begin(), a.end(), 7))
      cout << "7 exists in the vector";
   else
      cout << "7 does not exist";
   cout << endl;
   cout << "The position of 7 using lower_bound ";
   cout << lower_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), 7) - a.begin();
   cout << endl;
   cout << "The position of 7 using upper_bound ";
   cout << upper_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), 7) - a.begin();
   cout << endl;
}

Output

50 does not exist
7 exists in the vector
The position of 7 using lower_bound 1
The position of 7 using upper_bound 2