Calculate Power Using Recursion in Haskell

In Haskell, we can calculate the power by using recursion along with cases and also by using tail-recursion. In the first example we are going to use recursion along with base case, (power _ 0 = 1) and recursive case, (power x y = x * power x (y-1)). In the second example, we are going to use recursive cases as (power' x y | y == 0 = 1| otherwise = x * power' x (y-1)) and in third example, we are going to use tail-recursion.

Algorithm

• Step 1 ? The user defined recursive power function is defined as,

• For example 1 ?

power _ 0 = 1
power x y = x * power x (y-1).

• For example 2 ?

power' x y
   | y == 0 = 1
   | otherwise = x * power' x (y-1).

• For example 3 ?

power x y = power' x y 1
   where
      power' x y acc
         | y == 0 = acc
         | otherwise = power' x (y-1) (acc*x).

• Step 2 ? Program execution will be started from main function. The main() function has whole control of the program. It is written as main = do. In the main function, the program sets x to 2 and y to 5, and then calls the power function with those values as arguments.

• Step 3 ? The variables named, "x" and "y" are being initialized. It will hold the base and exponent values respectively.

• Step 4 ? The resultant power is printed to the console using ?print'' function, after the function is called.

Example 1

In this example, a function power is defined that takes in two integers x and y as arguments. The function uses recursion to calculate the value of x raised to the power of y. The base case is when y is 0, in which case the function returns 1.

power :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
power _ 0 = 1
power x y = x * power x (y-1)

main :: IO ()
main = do
   let x = 2
   let y = 5
   print (power x y)

Output

32

Example 2

This is a simple implementation of a recursive function in Haskell that calculates the power of a number using recursion. The function takes two arguments, x and y, and calculates x raised to the power of y. The base case is when y is equal to 0, in which case the function returns 1. In the recursive case, the function multiplies x with the result of calling the function with the arguments x and y-1, effectively raising x to the power of y.

power' :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
power' x y
   | y == 0 = 1
   | otherwise = x * power' x (y-1)

main :: IO ()
main = do
let x = 2
let y = 5
print (power' x y)

Output

32

Example 3

In this example, a tail-recursive approach is implemented for calculating the power of a number. The function takes two parameters, x and y, where x is the base number and y is the exponent. It defines an inner function power' which takes three parameters, x, y, and acc, where acc is used to store the intermediate result. The function checks if y is equal to 0, if so it returns acc which is the final result. If y is not equal to 0, it calls itself with y decremented by 1 and acc multiplied by x.

power :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer
power x y = power' x y 1
   where
      power' x y acc
         | y == 0 = acc
         | otherwise = power' x (y-1) (acc*x)

main :: IO ()
main = do
let x = 2
let y = 5
print (power x y)

Output

32

Conclusion

In Haskell, power can be calculated using recursion and by using cases with it. Also, it can be calculated by using tail-recursion.