Sorted Arrays in C++

Here we will see some basic concepts of the sorted arrays. The arrays are homogeneous data structure to hold same kind of data in some consecutive memory locations. Sometimes we need to sort the elements to use them. Other than that we can make a sorted array. That will always be sorted.

In this case we will see the algorithms for insert and delete into sorted array. If we insert some element in it, it will automatically be placed at sorted position. So we do not need to sort it again after insertion. When we delete, it will delete the element, and fill the empty space by shifting the elements at right. As we are using sorted array, we will use binary search algorithm to find the element before deleting it.

Algorithm

insertSorted(arr, n, key):
Begin
   if n >= max size of the array, then return
   otherwise i := n – 1
   while i >= 0 and arr[i] > key, do
      arr[i + 1] := arr[i]
      i := i - 1
   done
   arr[i + 1] := key
   n := n + 1
End
deleteSorted(arr, n, key):
Begin
   pos := search key into arr
   if pos is -1, then item is not found, and return
   otherwise i := pos
   while i < n – 1, do
      arr[i] := arr[i + 1]
      i := i + 1
   done
   n := n + 1
End

Example

 Live Demo

#include <iostream>
#define MAX 10
using namespace std;
void display(int arr[], int n){
   for(int i = 0; i <n; i++){
      cout << arr[i] << " ";
   }
   cout << endl;
}
int search(int arr[], int low, int high, int key){
   if (high < low)
      return -1;
   int mid = (low + high) / 2; /*low + (high - low)/2;*/
   if (key == arr[mid])
      return mid;
   if (key > arr[mid])
      return search(arr, (mid + 1), high, key);
   return search(arr, low, (mid - 1), key);
}
void insertSorted(int arr[], int &n, int key){
   if (n >= MAX){
      cout << "No place to insert";
      return;
   }
   int i;
   for (i = n - 1; (i >= 0 && arr[i] > key); i--)
      arr[i + 1] = arr[i];
   arr[i + 1] = key;
   n = n + 1;
}
void deleteSorted(int arr[], int &n, int key){
   int key_pos = search(arr, 0, n, key);
   if(key_pos == -1){
      cout << "Element is not present." << endl;
      return;
   }
   int i;
   for (i = key_pos; i < n - 1; i++)
      arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
   n = n - 1;
}
int main() {
   int arr[MAX];
   int n = 0;
   insertSorted(arr, n, 10);
   insertSorted(arr, n, 20);
   insertSorted(arr, n, 30);
   insertSorted(arr, n, 40);
   insertSorted(arr, n, 50);
   insertSorted(arr, n, 60);
   insertSorted(arr, n, 70);
   display(arr, n);
   deleteSorted(arr, n, 35);
   deleteSorted(arr, n, 40);
   deleteSorted(arr, n, 60);
   display(arr, n);
}

Output

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Element is not present.
10 20 30 50 70