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The Emerging Role of Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Signals in Psychiatric Disorders and Acquired Epilepsy

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Abstract

The new and evolving paradigms of psychiatric disorders pathogenesis are deeply inclined toward chronic inflammation that leads to disturbances in the neuronal networks of patients. A strong association has been established between the inflammation and neurobiology of depression which is mediated by different toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs and associated signalling pathways are identified as key immune regulators to stress and infections in neurobiology. They are a special class of transmembrane proteins, which are one of the broadly studied members of the Pattern Recognition Patterns family. This review focuses on summarizing the important findings on the role of TLRs associated with psychotic disorders and acquired epilepsy. This review also shows the promising potential of TLRs in immune response mediated through antidepressant therapies and TLRs polymorphism associated with various psychotic disorders. Moreover, this also sheds light on future directions to further target TLRs as a therapeutic approach for psychiatric disorders.

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Abbreviations

PRRs:

Pattern recognition receptors

CNS:

Central nervous system

TLRs:

Toll-like receptors

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

MSD:

Moderate-severe depression

PIP:

Post-ictal psychosis

HSP:

Heat shock protein

NF-kβ:

Nuclear factor-kappaβ

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

IL:

Interleukin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor- α

MTLE:

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

HMGB1:

High-mobility group box-1

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

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Acknowledgements

Anubha Chaudhary is supported by UGC, New Delhi for her Junior Research fellowship.

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  1. School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India

    Anubha Chaudhary, Parul Mehra, Anand K Keshri, Suraj S Rawat & Amit Prasad

  2. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India

    Amit Mishra

  3. Indian Knowledge System and Mental Health Application Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India

    Amit Prasad

  4. Human Computer Interface Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India

    Amit Prasad

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Chaudhary, A., Mehra, P., Keshri, A.K. et al. The Emerging Role of Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Signals in Psychiatric Disorders and Acquired Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 61, 1527–1542 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03639-7

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