A set of Cascading (version 3.0 and above) Taps and Schemes which interact with RDBMS systems via JDBC. The project consists of a generic part cascading-jdbc-core and database specific sub-projects. The database specific projects have dependencies to their respective JDBC drivers and run tests against those systems during build.

Currently seven relational databases are supported in the build:

• derby
• h2
• mysql
• postgresql
• Amazon Redshift
• oracle (see below)
• teradata (see below)

This code is based on previous work:

• https://github.com/Cascading/maple
• https://github.com/cwensel/cascading.jdbc

Both are based on code coming from apache hadoop.

Building all jars is done with a simple gradle build. This produces "normal" jar files, to be used within cascading applications as well as "fat" provider jars, that can be used within lingual.

The database specific test are implemented as an abstract class in the core project cascading.provider.jdbc.JDBCTestingBase. Each project has a sub-class setting driver specific things. Some might perform more sophisticated setups, like starting and stopping an in-process server during setUp() and tearDown(), respectively.

You can install the jars into a local maven repository with

> gradle install

or you can use the ones deployed to conjars.

Database systems like mysql require an external database server. In order to be able to test with an external server, the build uses system properties, which can be given on the command line.

Due to this the sub-projects for mysql and postgresql are only enabled, if the connnection information is given to gradle like this:

> gradle build -Dcascading.jdbc.url.mysql="jdbc:mysql://some-host/somedb?user=someuser&password=somepw" -i

or this

> gradle build -Dcascading.jdbc.url.postgresql='jdbc:postgresql://some-host/somedb?user=some-user&password=somepw' -i

If you want to build both, you can of course combine the properties.

Debian based systems enable SSL by default for postgres, but are using self signed certificates. If you want to connect to such a database, you have to add sslfactory=org.postgresql.ssl.NonValidatingFactory to the JDBC url, otherwise you will run into an exception.

Like the mysql and postgresql projects the redshift project requires a running external database for tests and is therefore disabled by default. To enable it, provide JDBC URL for a running Redshift instance to the build as follows:

> gradle build -Dcascading.jdbc.url.redshift='jdbc:postgresql://some-host/somedb?user=some-user&password=somepw' -i

The Redshift data engine is API-compatible with PostgreSQL and uses the PostgreSQL JDBC driver. Hence the JDBC URL for a Redshift connection begins with jdbc:postgresql://

The cascading-jdbc-oracle project contains everything to create jar files to talk to oracle, but due to the fact, that the oracle jdbc driver is not available on any public maven repository, you have to build it yourself. Here is how:

1. Download the ojdbc6.jar file from oracle technet

2. Install it in your local maven repo

   mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.oracle -DartifactId=ojdbc6 -Dversion=11.2.0.4 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=/path/to/ojdbc6.jar -DgeneratePom=true

3. Build the project against an existing oracle database. The user has to be able to create and delete tables, in order for the tests to work.

   gradle cascading-jdbc-oracle:build -Dcascading.jdbc.url.oracle='jdbc:oracle:thin:user/password@host:port:SID' -i

Alternatively to 1. and 2. you can add your organizations maven repository to the build, in case, it already contains the oracle jdbc driver.

After executing the build you will find all the jars in cascading-jdbc-oracle/build/libs/. You can install them in your local maven repository with by using gradle install instead of gradle build or upload them to your organizations repo manager.

Similar to Oracle above, the cascading-jdbc-teradata subproject contains everything to create jar files that can talk to a teradata instance. Since the teradata JDBC driver is not available in any maven repository, you have to build it yourself like so:

0. Create a teradata account, if you don't have one already

1. Download TeraJDBC__indep_indep.14.10.00.39.tar from the download page

2. Unpack the driver:

   tar xf TeraJDBC__indep_indep.14.10.00.39.tar

3. Install terajdbc4.jar and tdgssconfig.jar in your local maven repository. You can skip this step, if the teradata jars are already in your organizations maven repository.

   mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.teradata -DartifactId=terajdbc4 -Dversion=14.10.00.39 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=terajdbc4.jar -DgeneratePom=true mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.teradata -DartifactId=tdgssconfig -Dversion=14.10.00.39 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=tdgssconfig.jar -DgeneratePom=true

4. Build the sub-project like this:

   gradle clean cascading-jdbc-teradata:build -Dcascading.jdbc.url.teradata="jdbc:teradata://host/USER=user,PASSWORD=password"

After executing the build you will find all the jars in cascading-jdbc-teradata/build/libs/. You can install them in your local maven repository with by using gradle install instead of gradle build or upload them to your organizations repo manager.

With the JDBCTap and JDBCScheme you can read from database tables, create new tables and write to them, write into existing tables and, update existing tables. All modes of operation are used in the test base class cascading.provider.jdbc.JDBCTestingBase and should be self explanatory.

Please note that updating a database table is supported, but not recommended for long running jobs. It is considered a convenience during testing/development.

Typical work loads write into a new table, which is afterwards made available to other parts of your system via a post process. You can achieve this by using the onCompleted(Flow flow) method in a class implementing the cascading.flow.FlowListener interface. In case something goes wrong during the execution of your Flow, you can clean up your database table in the onThrowable(Flow flow) method of your FlowListener implementation.

All artifacts, except the ones for Oracle (see above) are in conjars.

Cascading-jdbc supports multiple RDBMS systems all of which behave slightly different when it comes to automatic type coercions/casts. This project tries to ease the type handling, by doing 'educated guesses', yet it is not always capable of doing so. We highly recommend that you provide a typed Fields instance to the JDBCScheme constructor, so that values can be properly coerced before being written to the database.

NOTE: The JDBC providers can only be used on the hadoop and hadoop2-mr1 platforms. The local platform is not supported.

This assumes, that you have followed the lingual tutorial, esp. the part, where a provider is used to write directly into a memcached server. To accomplish the same, but with a derby database, you can do the following:

Setup your lingual catalog with the derby provider:

# only hadoop platform is supported
> export LINGUAL_PLATFORM=hadoop

> lingual catalog --provider --add cascading:cascading-jdbc-derby:3.0.0:provider

This will register the provider derby for the hadoop platform. The provider supports one protocol (jdbc) and one format (derby). The provider is downloaded from conjars.

Next we can add the working schema, the titles stereotype and register the derby provider in the schema.

> lingual catalog --schema working --add
> lingual catalog --schema working --stereotype titles --add --columns TITLE,CNT --types string,int
> lingual catalog --schema working --format derby --add --provider derby

Next we set the protocol properties for jdbc in the derby provider. The first line describes the table, that we are operating on, to the underlying JDBCTap. The table has two columns title and cnt, which are of type varchar(100) and int. The command line interface uses : as a separator for properties, which contain multiple values.

> lingual catalog --schema working --protocol jdbc --add --properties="tabledesc.tablename=title_counts,tabledesc.columnnames=title:cnt,tabledesc.columndefs=varchar(100) not null:int not null" --provider derby

Tip: If the --properties syntax becomes to complex for your use case, you can put them in a properties file and use --properties-file /path/to/my.properties instead.

Finally we tell the derby provider, where it can find the derby server. The create=true is optional. If the database already exists, you can omit it.

> lingual catalog --schema working --table title_counts --stereotype titles --add "jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/mydb;create=true" --protocol jdbc  --format derby

Now the table title_counts is ready to be used from within lingual as a sink. You can now run a query over the employe data from the lingual tutorial on hdfs directly into your derby server like this:

> lingual shell
(lingual shell)  insert into "working"."title_counts" select title, count( title ) as cnt from employees.titles group by title;
+-----------+
| ROWCOUNT  |
+-----------+
| 7         |
+-----------+
1 row selected (9,581 seconds)

When lingual attempts to write into the underlying JDBC table, like in the example above, it will recreate the table by default. If you want to append to the table instead, you can use overwrite the SinkMode for the JDBCTap by setting sinkmode=KEEP, when registering the table.

The provider can not only be used as a sink, but also as a source, meaning you can investigate the data, that was just written into the derby table directly from the lingual shell:

> (lingual shell) select * from "working"."title_counts"
+---------------------+---------+
|        TITLE        |   CNT   |
+---------------------+---------+
| Assistant Engineer  | 15128   |
| Engineer            | 115003  |
| Manager             | 24      |
| Senior Engineer     | 97749   |
| Senior Staff        | 92853   |
| Staff               | 107391  |
| Technique Leader    | 15159   |
+---------------------+---------+
7 rows selected (0,172 seconds)

Adding a new JDBC system is straight forward. Create a new sub-project and add it to settings.gradle. Include the JDBC driver of your RDBMS in the build.gradle file of your sub-project and create a TestCase subclassing the JDBCTestingBase explained above. All you have to do, is setting the driver class and JDBC URL for your database. For an example see MysqlTest.

The JDBC driver version used for a particular provider should match the version for your database. To use a different version, edit the build.gradle file for the particular driver you're using, change the version specified by the compile line, and re-install the provider.

By default mavencentral, conjars, pentaho and the local maven install are the only repos listed in the build script. If the particular version of a driver you need is hosted somewhere else, you will need to add this repo to the top level build.gradle file.

If you want to use your driver as a provider within lingual, you have to include a provider.properties in the src/main/resources/cascading/bind directory of your project. The name of the provider should match your database, the protocol should be set to jdbc and the format to the type of database you are using.

Below is an example from the h2 subproject:

# default name of provider
cascading.bind.provider.names=h2
cascading.bind.provider.h2.platforms=hadoop,hadoop2-mr1

cascading.bind.provider.h2.factory.classname=cascading.jdbc.JDBCFactory

# define protocols differentiated by properties
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.names=jdbc
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.schemes=h2
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.jdbcdriver=org.h2.Driver
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.tabledescseparator=:
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.jdbcuser=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.jdbcpassword=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.tabledesc.tablename=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.tabledesc.columnnames=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.tabledesc.columndefs=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.tabledesc.primarykeys=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.protocol.jdbc.sinkmode=

# define formats differentiated by properties
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.names=h2
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.protocols=jdbc
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.columnfields=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.separator=:
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.columnnames=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.orh2=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.conditions=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.limit=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.updateBy=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.tableAlias=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.selectquery=
cascading.bind.provider.h2.format.h2.countquery=

For more information on the provider.properties file, see the lingual documentation.

All code, unless otherwise noted, is licensed under the Apache Software License version 2.