This mini-app is an implementation of the core computation of the Bristol University Docking Engine (BUDE) in different HPC programming models. The benchmark is a virtual screening run of the NDM-1 protein and runs the energy evaluation for a single generation of poses repeatedly, for a configurable number of iterations. Increasing the iteration count has similar performance effects to docking multiple ligands back-to-back in a production BUDE docking run.

The top-level data directory contains the input common to implementations. The top-level makedeck directory contains an input deck generation program and a set of mol2/bhff input files. Each other subdirectory contains a separate C/C++ implementation:

• OpenMP for CPUs
• OpenMP target for GPUs
• CUDA for GPUs
• OpenCL for GPUs
• OpenACC for GPUs
• SYCL for CPUs and GPUs
• Kokkos for CPUs and GPUs

We also include implementations in emerging programming languages as direct ports of miniBUDE:

• Julia for CPUs (@threads) and GPUs (CUDA.jl, AMDGPU.jl, oneAPI.jl, etc)

To build with the default options, type make in an implementation directory. There are options to choose the compiler used and the architecture targeted.

Refer to each implementation's README for further build instructions.

To run with the default options, run the binary without any flags. To adjust the run time, use -i to set the number of iterations. For very short runs, e.g. for simulation, use -n 1024 to reduce the number of poses.

Refer to each implementation's README for further run instructions.

Two input decks are included in this repository:

• bm1 is a short benchmark (~100 ms/iteration on a 64-core ThunderX2 node) based on a small ligand (26 atoms)
• bm2 is a long benchmark (~25 s/iteration on a 64-core ThunderX2 node) based on a big ligand (2672 atoms)* bm2 is a long benchmark (~25 s/iteration on a 64-core ThunderX2 node) based on a big ligand (2672 atoms)
• bm2_long is a very long benchmark based on bm2 but with 1048576 poses instead of 65536

They are located in the data directory, and bm1 is run by default. All implementations accept a --deck parameter to specify an input deck directory. See makedeck for how to generate additional input decks.

Please cite miniBUDE using the following reference:

Andrei Poenaru, Wei-Chen Lin and Simon McIntosh-Smith. ‘A Performance Analysis of Modern Parallel Programming Models Using a Compute-Bound Application’. In: 36th International Conference, ISC High Performance 2021. Frankfurt, Germany, 2021. In press.