SNPio is a Python package designed to streamline the process of reading, filtering, encoding, and analyzing genotype alignments. It supports VCF, PHYLIP, STRUCTURE, and GENEPOP file formats, and provides high-level tools for visualization, downstream machine learning analysis, and population genetic inference.

SNPio Includes:

• File I/O (VCFReader, PhylipReader, StructureReader, GenePopReader)
• Genotype filtering (NRemover2)
• Genotype encoding for AI & machine learning applications (GenotypeEncoder)
• Population genetic statistics & Principal Component Analysis (PopGenStatistics)
• Experimental: Phylogenetic tree parsing (TreeParser)

Detailed API usage, tutorials, and examples are available in the Documentation

You can install SNPio using one of the following methods:

python3 -m venv snpio-env
source snpio-env/bin/activate
pip install snpio

conda create -n snpio-env python=3.12
conda activate snpio-env
conda install -c btmartin721 snpio

To run the Docker image interactively in a terminal, run the following commands:

docker pull btmartin721/snpio:latest
docker run -it btmartin721/snpio:latest

If you'd like to run SNPio in a jupyter notebook, instructions to do so in the docker container will be printed to the terminal.

Note: All three installation versions (pip, conda, docker) are actively maintained and kept up-to-date with CI/CD routines.

Note: SNPio supports Unix-based systems. Windows users should install via WSL.

from snpio import (
    NRemover2, VCFReader, PhylipReader, StructureReader,
    GenePopReader, GenotypeEncoder, PopGenStatistics
)

vcf = "snpio/example_data/vcf_files/phylogen_subset14K_sorted.vcf.gz"
popmap = "snpio/example_data/popmaps/phylogen_nomx.popmap"

gd = VCFReader(
    filename=vcf,
    popmapfile=popmap,
    force_popmap=True,
    verbose=True,
    plot_format="png",
    prefix="snpio_example"
)

You can also specify include_pops and exclude_pops to control population-level filtering.

To run unit all tests:

pip install snpio[dev]
pytest tests/

SNPio is licensed under the GPL-3.0 License.

Please cite any publication(s) when using SNPio in your research. A manuscript is currently in development, and this section will be updated upon acceptance.

We welcome community contributions!

• Report bugs or request features on GitHub Issues
• Submit a pull request
• See CONTRIBUTING.md for contributing guidelines.

Thanks for using SNPio. We hope it facilitates your population genomic research. Feel free to reach out with questions or feedback!