This repository presents QCheck a framework for probabilistic model checking of quantum programs. The framework is implemented in C++ using MQT Core to simulate quantum computation and probabilistic model checkers like PRISM and Storm as alternative backends for verification.

• MQT Core - The Backbone of the Munich Quantum Toolkit
• PRISM - A version of 4.8.1
• Storm - A version of 1.9.0
• C++ Compilier - Supporting C++17
• CMake - A minimum version of 3.19
• google/googletest - A testing framework for C++ (only used in tests)
• Flex - A version of 2.6.4
• Bison - A version of 3.8.2

QCheck can be installed on your system using several ways as follows:

QCheck executable files are available for macOS and Linux at the following link.

https://github.com/canhminhdo/qcheck/releases/tag/v1.0

The qcheck program is available from the command line in the Docker container.

$ docker build --no-cache -t qcheck .
$ docker run --rm -it qcheck

QCheck can be installed on your system after building it from the source.

$ git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/canhminhdo/qcheck
$ cd qcheck
$ cmake -S . -B build -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release # configure the project to be built with `Release` mode
$ cmake --build build --config Release -j 8 # building the project with `Release` mode and 8 workers in parallel
$ ctest --test-dir build # testing the project with some test cases
$ cmake --install build --config Release # install the project with `Release` mode in the `install` folder
$ cpack -G "ZIP" --config build/CPackConfig.cmake -B package # package the project to be distributed in the `package` directory

We install PRISM and Storm model checkers and set the following environment variables

export PRISM_PATH=<path-to-the-folder-where-PRISM-is-available>
export STORM_PATH=<path-to-the-folder-where-Storm-is-available>

We can use QCheck to verify the correctness of Quantum Teleportation easily as follows.

• Go to the examples/teleport folder

$ cd examples/teleport

• Check the teleport.qw program file whose content is as follows

prog TELEPORT is
var q0, q1, q2 : qubit;
init
    q0 := random;
    q1 := |0>;
    q2 := |0>;
prop
    target := P(q2, init[q0]);
begin
    q1 := H[q1];
    q1, q2 := CX[q1, q2];
    q0, q1 := CX[q0, q1];
    q0 := H[q0];
    if M[q1] = 1 then q2 := X[q2]; else skip; fi;
    if M[q0] = 1 then q2 := Z[q2]; else skip; fi;
end

pcheck in TELEPORT with 'P=? [F "target"]' --backend=PRISM .

By default, QCheck uses PRISM model checker, but we can change it using --backend=<name> where <name> is either PRISM or Storm.

• Feed the teleport.qw program file into QCheck to verify its correctness with PRISM model checker.

qcheck teleport.qw

This research was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP23K28060, JP23K19959, JP24K20757, and JP24KK0185.