by Nicholas C. Zakas

If you find this useful, please consider supporting my work with a donation or nominate me for a GitHub Star.

A utility for retrying failed async JavaScript calls based on the error returned.

Install using npm or yarn:

npm install @humanwhocodes/retry

# or

yarn add @humanwhocodes/retry

Import into your Node.js project:

// CommonJS
const { Retrier } = require("@humanwhocodes/retry");

// ESM
import { Retrier } from "@humanwhocodes/retry";

Install using JSR:

deno add @humanwhocodes/retry

#or

jsr add @humanwhocodes/retry

Then import into your Deno project:

import { Retrier } from "@humanwhocodes/retry";

Install using this command:

bun add @humanwhocodes/retry

Import into your Bun project:

import { Retrier } from "@humanwhocodes/retry";

It's recommended to import the minified version to save bandwidth:

import { Retrier } from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/@humanwhocodes/retry?min";

However, you can also import the unminified version for debugging purposes:

import { Retrier } from "https://cdn.skypack.dev/@humanwhocodes/retry";

After importing, create a new instance of Retrier and specify the function to run on the error. This function should return true if you want the call retried and false if not.

// this instance will retry if the specific error code is found
const retrier = new Retrier(error => {
    return error.code === "ENFILE" || error.code === "EMFILE";
});

Then, call the retry() method around the function you'd like to retry, such as:

import fs from "fs/promises";

const retrier = new Retrier(error => {
    return error.code === "ENFILE" || error.code === "EMFILE";
});

const text = await retrier.retry(() => fs.readFile("README.md", "utf8"));

The retry() method will either pass through the result on success or wait and retry on failure. Any error that isn't caught by the retrier is automatically rejected so the end result is a transparent passing through of both success and failure.

You can control how long a task will attempt to retry before giving up by passing the timeout option to the Retrier constructor. By default, the timeout is one minute.

import fs from "fs/promises";

const retrier = new Retrier(error => {
    return error.code === "ENFILE" || error.code === "EMFILE";
}, { timeout: 100_000 });

const text = await retrier.retry(() => fs.readFile("README.md", "utf8"));

When a call times out, it rejects the first error that was received from calling the function.

When processing a large number of function calls, you can limit the number of concurrent function calls by passing the concurrency option to the Retrier constructor. By default, concurrency is 1000.

import fs from "fs/promises";

const retrier = new Retrier(error => {
    return error.code === "ENFILE" || error.code === "EMFILE";
}, { concurrency: 100 });

const filenames = getFilenames();
const contents = await Promise.all(
    filenames.map(filename => retrier.retry(() => fs.readFile(filename, "utf8"))
);

You can also pass an AbortSignal to cancel a retry:

import fs from "fs/promises";

const controller = new AbortController();
const retrier = new Retrier(error => {
    return error.code === "ENFILE" || error.code === "EMFILE";
});

const text = await retrier.retry(
    () => fs.readFile("README.md", "utf8"),
    { signal: controller.signal }
);

1. Fork the repository
2. Clone your fork
3. Run npm install to setup dependencies
4. Run npm test to run tests

Enable debugging output by setting the DEBUG environment variable to "@hwc/retry" before running.

Apache 2.0

This utility is inspired by, and contains code from graceful-fs.