trdsql is a CLI tool that can execute SQL queries on CSV, LTSV, JSON, YAML and TBLN files.

This tool is similar to others such as q and textql, with a key distinction: it allows the use of PostgreSQL or MySQL syntax.

For usage as a library, please refer to the godoc and the provided examples.

• 1. INSTALL
  • 1.1. go get
    • 1.1.1. Requirements
  • 1.2. Download binary
  • 1.3. Homebrew
  • 1.4. MacPorts
  • 1.5. FreeBSD
  • 1.6. Cgo free
• 2. Docker
  • 2.1. Docker pull
  • 2.2. image build
  • 2.3. Docker Run
• 3. Usage
  • 3.1. Global options
  • 3.2. Input formats
    • 3.2.1. Input options
  • 3.3. Output formats
    • 3.3.1. Output options
  • 3.4. Handling of NULL
  • 3.5. Multiple queries
• 4. Example
  • 4.1. STDIN input
  • 4.2. Multiple files
  • 4.3. Compressed files
  • 4.4. Output file
  • 4.5. Output compression
  • 4.6. Guess by output file name
  • 4.7. Columns is not constant
  • 4.8. TSV (Tab Separated Value)
  • 4.9. LTSV (Labeled Tab-separated Values)
  • 4.10. JSON
    • 4.10.1. jq expression
  • 4.11. JSONL(NDJSON)
  • 4.12. YAML
  • 4.13. TBLN
  • 4.14. WIDTH
  • 4.15. TEXT
  • 4.16. Raw output
  • 4.17. ASCII Table & MarkDown output
  • 4.18. Vertical format output
• 5. SQL
  • 5.1. SQL function
  • 5.2. JOIN
  • 5.3. PostgreSQL
    • 5.3.1. Function
    • 5.3.2. Join table and CSV file is possible
  • 5.4. MySQL
  • 5.5. Analyze
  • 5.6. Configuration
• 6. Library
• 7. See also
• 8. Learn More
• 9. License

go get -d github.com/noborus/trdsql
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/noborus/trdsql
make
make install

go 1.21 or higher.

Download binary from the releases page(Linux/Windows/macOS).

brew install noborus/tap/trdsql

sudo port selfupdate
sudo port install trdsql

freshports

pkg install trdsql

Typically, go-sqlite3 is used for building. However, if you're building with CGO_ENABLED=0, consider using sqlite instead.

Building without CGO (CGO Free) can reduce issues related to cross-compiling, but it may result in slower execution times.

Pull the latest image from the Docker hub.

docker pull noborus/trdsql

Or build it yourself.

docker build -t trdsql .

Docker run.

docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/tmp trdsql [options and commands]

To use trdsql, you can either specify an SQL query or simply provide a file for conversion.

trdsql [options] SQL

For file conversion, this is equivalent to executing 'trdsql -o[output format] "SELECT * FROM filename"'.

trdsql -o[output format] -t [input filename]

• -a filename analyze the file and suggest SQL.
• -A filename analyze the file but only suggest SQL.
• -config filename configuration file location.
• -db db name specify db name of the setting.
• -dblist display db list of configure.
• -driver string database driver. [ mysql | postgres | sqlite3 | sqlite(CGO Free) ] (default "sqlite3")
• -dsn string database driver specific data source name.
• -debug debug print.
• -help display usage information.
• -q filename read query from the specified file.
• -t filename read table name from the specified file.
• -version display version information.

• -ig guess format from extension. (default)
• -icsv CSV format for input.
• -ijson JSON format for input.
• -iltsv LTSV format for input.
• -iyaml YAML format for input.
• -itbln TBLN format for input.
• -iwidth width specification format for input.
• -itext text format for input.

• -ih the first line is interpreted as column names(CSV only).
• -id character field delimiter for input(default ",")(CSV only).
• -ijq string jq expression string for input(JSON/JSONL only).
• -ilr int limited number of rows to read.
• -inull string value(string) to convert to null on input.
• -inum add row number column.
• -ir int number of rows to preread. (default 1)
• -is int skip header row.

• -ocsv CSV format for output. (default)
• -ojson JSON format for output.
• -ojsonl JSONL(JSON Lines) format for output.
• -oltsv LTSV format for output.
• -oat ASCII Table format for output.
• -omd Markdown format for output.
• -oraw Raw format for output.
• -ovf Vertical format for output.
• -oyaml YAML format for output.
• -otbln TBLN format for output.

Or, guess the output format by file name.

• -out filename output file name.
• -out-without-guess output without guessing (when using -out).
• -oh output column name as header.
• -od character field delimiter for output. (default ",")(CSV and RAW only).
• -oq character quote character for output. (default """)(CSV only).
• -oaq enclose all fields in quotes for output(CSV only).
• -ocrlf use CRLF for output. End each output line with '\r\n' instead of '\n'."(CSV only).
• -onowrap do not wrap long columns(AT and MD only).
• -onull value(string) to convert from null on output.
• -oz string compression format for output. [ gzip | bz2 | zstd | lz4 | xz ]

NULL is undecided in many text formats. JSON null is considered the same as SQL NULL. For formats other than JSON, you must specify a string that is considered NULL. In most cases you will need to specify an empty string ("").

If -inull "" is specified, an empty string will be treated as SQL NULL.

SQL NULL is an empty string by default. Specify the -onull "(NULL)" option if you want a different string.

$ echo "1,,v" | trdsql -inull "" -onull "(NULL)" "SELECT * FROM -"
1,(NULL),v

In the case of JSON, null is NULL as it is, and the specified string is converted to NULL.

$ echo '[1,null,""]' | trdsql -inull "" -ojson -ijson "SELECT * FROM -"
[
  {
    "c1": "1"
  },
  {
    "c1": null
  },
  {
    "c1": null
  }
]

Multiple queries can be executed by separating them with a semicolon. Update queries must be followed by a SELECT statement.

$ trdsql "UPDATE SET c2='banana' WHERE c3='1';SELECT * FROM test.csv"
1,Orange
2,Melon
3,banana

You can perform multiple SELECTs, but the output will be in one format.

$ trdsql -oh "SELECT c1,c2 FROM test.csv;SELECT c2,c1 FROM test.csv"
c1,c2
1,Orange
2,Melon
3,Apple
c2,c1
Orange,1
Melon,2
Apple,3

test.csv file.

1,Orange
2,Melon
3,Apple

Please write a file name like a table name.

trdsql "SELECT * FROM test.csv"

-q filename can execute SQL from file

trdsql -q test.sql

"-" or "stdin" is received from standard input instead of file name.

cat test.csv | trdsql "SELECT * FROM -"

or

cat test.csv | trdsql "SELECT * FROM stdin"

Multiple matched files can be executed as one table.

$ trdsql -ih "SELECT * FROM tt*.csv"
1,test1
2,test2
3,test3

If the file is compressed with gzip, bz2, zstd, lz4, xz, it will be automatically uncompressed.

trdsql "SELECT * FROM testdata/test.csv.gz"

trdsql "SELECT * FROM testdata/test.csv.zst"

It is possible to mix uncompressed and compressed files using wildcards.

trdsql "SELECT * FROM testdata/test.csv*"

-out filename option to output the file to a file.

trdsql -out result.csv "SELECT * FROM testdata/test.csv ORDER BY c1"

-oz compression type to compress and output.

trdsql -oz gz "SELECT * FROM testdata/test.csv ORDER BY c1" > result.csv.gz

The filename of -out filename option determines the output format(csv, ltsv, json, tbln, raw, md, at, vf, jsonl) and compression format(gzip, bz2, zstd,lz4, xz) by guess.

Guess by extension output format + output compression (eg .csv.gz, .ltsv.lz4, .md.zst ...).

The following is an LTSV file compressed in zstd.

trdsql -out result.ltsv.zst "SELECT * FROM testdata/test.csv"

If the number of columns is not a constant, read and decide multiple rows.

$ trdsql -ir 3 -iltsv "SELECT * FROM test_indefinite.ltsv"
1,Orange,50,,
2,Melon,500,ibaraki,
3,Apple,100,aomori,red

-id "\\t" is input from TSV (Tab Separated Value)

1	Orange
2	Melon
3	Apple

trdsql -id "\t" "SELECT * FROM test-tab.csv"

-od "\\t" is TSV (Tab Separated Value) output.

$ trdsql -od "\t" "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
1	Orange
2	Melon
3	Apple

-iltsv is input from LTSV(Labeled Tab-separated Values).

sample.ltsv

id:1	name:Orange	price:50
id:2	name:Melon	price:500
id:3	name:Apple	price:100

trdsql -iltsv "SELECT * FROM sample.ltsv"

1,Orange,50
2,Melon,500
3,Apple,100

-oltsv is LTSV(Labeled Tab-separated Values) output.

$ trdsql -iltsv -oltsv "SELECT * FROM sample.ltsv"
id:1	name:Orange	price:50
id:2	name:Melon	price:500
id:3	name:Apple	price:100

-ijson is input from JSON.

sample.json

[
  {
    "id": "1",
    "name": "Orange",
    "price": "50"
  },
  {
    "id": "2",
    "name": "Melon",
    "price": "500"
  },
  {
    "id": "3",
    "name": "Apple",
    "price": "100"
  }
]

$ trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM sample.json"
1,Orange,50
2,Melon,500
3,Apple,100

JSON can contain structured types, but trdsql is stored as it is as JSON string.

sample2.json

[
    {
      "id": 1,
      "name": "Drolet",
      "attribute": { "country": "Maldives", "color": "burlywood" }
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "name": "Shelly",
      "attribute": { "country": "Yemen", "color": "plum" }
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "name": "Tuck",
      "attribute": { "country": "Mayotte", "color": "antiquewhite" }
    }
]

$ trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM sample2.json"
1,Drolet,"{""color"":""burlywood"",""country"":""Maldives""}"
2,Shelly,"{""color"":""plum"",""country"":""Yemen""}"
3,Tuck,"{""color"":""antiquewhite"",""country"":""Mayotte""}"

Please use SQL function.

• SQLite3 - JSON Functions And Operators
• PostgreSQL - JSON Functions and Operators
• MySQL - Functions That Search JSON Values

$ trdsql -ijson "SELECT id, name, JSON_EXTRACT(attribute,'$.country'), JSON_EXTRACT(attribute,'$.color') FROM sample2.json"
1,Drolet,Maldives,burlywood
2,Shelly,Yemen,plum
3,Tuck,Mayotte,antiquewhite

If json has a hierarchy, you can filter by jq expression.

The jq expression is implemented using gojq.

menu.json

{
	"menu": {
		"id": "file",
		"value": "File",
		"popup": {
			"menuitem": [
				{
					"value": "New",
					"onclick": "CreateDoc()"
				},
				{
					"value": "Open",
					"onclick": "OpenDoc()"
				},
				{
					"value": "Save",
					"onclick": "SaveDoc()"
				}
			]
		}
	}
}

You can write a jq expression by connecting :: after the json file name. Enclose the jq expression in double quotes if needed.

trdsql -oat 'SELECT value, onclick FROM menu.json::".menu.popup.menuitem"'

Or specify with the -ijq option.

$ trdsql -oat -ijq ".menu.popup.menuitem" "SELECT * FROM menu.json"
+-------+-------------+
| value |   onclick   |
+-------+-------------+
| New   | CreateDoc() |
| Open  | OpenDoc()   |
| Save  | SaveDoc()   |
+-------+-------------+

Example to use instead of gojq.

$ echo '{"foo": 128}' | trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM -::'.foo'"
128
$ echo '{"a": {"b": 42}}' | trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM -::'.a.b'"
42
$ echo '{"id": "sample", "10": {"b": 42}}' | trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM -::'{(.id): .[\"10\"].b}'"
42
$ echo '[{"id":1},{"id":2},{"id":3}]' | trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM -::'.[] | .id'"
1
2
3
$ echo '{"a":1,"b":2}' | trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM -::'.a += 1 | .b *= 2'"
4,2
$ echo '{"a":1} [2] 3' | trdsql -ijson "SELECT * FROM -::'. as {\$a} ?// [\$a] ?// \$a | \$a'"
1
2
3

Another json format. JSONL(JSON Lines). It is also called ndjson.

sample2.json

{"id": "1","name": "Orange","price": "50"}
{"id": "2","name": "Melon","price": "500"}
{"id": "3","name": "Apple","price": "100"}

-ojson is JSON Output.

$ trdsql -ojson "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
[
  {
    "c1": "1",
    "c2": "Orange"
  },
  {
    "c1": "2",
    "c2": "Melon"
  },
  {
    "c1": "3",
    "c2": "Apple"
  }
]

To output in JSONL, specify -ojsonl.

$ trdsql -ojsonl "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
{"c1":"1","c2":"Orange"}
{"c1":"2","c2":"Melon"}
{"c1":"3","c2":"Apple"}

-iyaml is input from YAML (Or if the extension is yaml or yml, it is considered a YAML file).

sample.yaml

- id: 1
  name: Orange
  price: 50
- id: 2
  name: Melon
  price: 500
- id: 3
  name: Apple
  price: 100

$ trdsql -iyaml -ocsv "SELECT * FROM sample.yaml"
1,Orange,50
2,Melon,500
3,Apple,100

Since yaml is internally converted to JSON, it can be converted to json and output.

sample2.yaml

a: true
b:
  c: 2
  d: [3, 4, 5]
  e:
    - name: fred
      value: 3
    - name: sam
      value: 4%

$ trdsql -ojson "SELECT * FROM sample2.yaml"
[
  {
    "a": "true",
    "b": {
      "c": 2,
      "d": [
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "e": [
        {
          "name": "fred",
          "value": 3
        },
        {
          "name": "sam",
          "value": "4%"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
]

So in addition you can also use jq syntax.

$ trdsql  -ojson "SELECT * FROM sample2.yaml::.b.e"
[
  {
    "name": "fred",
    "value": "3"
  },
  {
    "name": "sam",
    "value": "4%"
  }
]

json can be converted to yaml.

$ trdsql -ojson "SELECT * FROM sample2.yaml::.b.e"
- name: fred
  value: 3
- name: sam
  value: 4%

-itbln is input from TBLN.

sample.tbln

; name: | id | name |
; type: | int | text |
| 1 | Bob |
| 2 | Alice |

$ trdsql -itbln "SELECT * FROM sample.tbln"
1,Bob
2,Alice

TBLN file reflects extras name and type.

-otbln is TBLN Output.

$ trdsql -otbln "SELECT c1::int as id, c2::text as name FROM test.csv"
; created_at: 2019-03-22T13:20:31+09:00
; name: | id | name |
; type: | int | text |
| 1 | Orange |
| 2 | Melon |
| 3 | Apple |

TBLN can contain column names and type definitions. Please refer to https://tbln.dev/ for details of TBLN.

-iwidth inputs the format specifying the width. This is used when the header column width represents the body column width.

$ ps | trdsql -oh -iwidth "SELECT * FROM -"
PID,TTY,TIME,CMD
302965,pts/3,00:00:12,zsh
733211,pts/3,00:00:00,ps
733212,pts/3,00:00:00,tee
733213,pts/3,00:00:00,guesswidth

-id " " for CSV also works in many cases. But -id " " does not recognize spaces in columns very well.

-iwidth recognizes column widths and space separators.

The -itext option or files with “.text”extension are in text format.

This is a one line to one column format. A blank line is also a line, unlike the CSV format.

$ cat test.text
a

b

c
$ trdsql -itext "SELECT * FROM test.text"
a

b

c

It is useful in conjunction with the -inum option.

$ trdsql -inum "SELECT * FROM test.text"
1,a
2,
3,b
4,
5,c

-oraw is Raw Output. It is used when "escape processing is unnecessary" in CSV output. (For example, when outputting JSON in the database).

$ trdsql -oraw "SELECT row_to_json(t,TRUE) FROM test.csv AS t"
{"c1":"1",
 "c2":"Orange"}
{"c1":"2",
 "c2":"Melon"}
{"c1":"3",
 "c2":"Apple"}

Multiple delimiter characters can be used for raw.

$ trdsql -oraw -od "\t|\t" -db pdb "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
1	|	Orange
2	|	Melon
3	|	Apple

-oat is ASCII table output.

$ trdsql -oat "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
+----+--------+
| C1 |   C2   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | Orange |
|  2 | Melon  |
|  3 | Apple  |
+----+--------+

-omd is Markdown output.

$ trdsql -omd "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
| C1 |   C2   |
|----|--------|
|  1 | Orange |
|  2 | Melon  |
|  3 | Apple  |

The -onowrap option does not wrap long columns in at or md output.

-ovf is Vertical format output("column name | value" vertically).

$ trdsql -ovf "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
---[ 1]--------------------------------------------------------
  c1 | 1
  c2 | Orange
---[ 2]--------------------------------------------------------
  c1 | 2
  c2 | Melon
---[ 3]--------------------------------------------------------
  c1 | 3
  c2 | Apple

$ trdsql "SELECT count(*) FROM test.csv"
3

The default column names are c1, c2,...

$ trdsql "SELECT c2,c1 FROM test.csv"
Orange,1
Melon,2
Apple,3

The SQL JOIN can be used.

user.csv

1,userA
2,userB

hist.csv

1,2017-7-10
2,2017-7-10
2,2017-7-11

$ trdsql "SELECT u.c1,u.c2,h.c2 FROM user.csv as u LEFT JOIN hist.csv as h ON(u.c1=h.c1)"
1,userA,2017-7-10
2,userB,2017-7-10
2,userB,2017-7-11

When using PostgreSQL, specify postgres for driver and driver-specific data source name for dsn.

trdsql -driver postgres -dsn "dbname=test" "SELECT count(*) FROM test.csv "

The PostgreSQL driver can use the window function.

$ trdsql -driver postgres -dsn "dbname=test" "SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY c2),c1,c2 FROM test.csv"
1,3,Apple
2,2,Melon
3,1,Orange

For example, the generate_series function can be used.

$ trdsql -driver postgres -dsn "dbname=test" "SELECT generate_series(1,3);"
1
2
3

Test database has a colors table.

$ psql test -c "SELECT * FROM colors"
 id |  name  
----+--------
  1 | orange
  2 | green
  3 | red
(3 rows)

Join table and CSV file.

$ trdsql -driver postgres -dsn "dbname=test" "SELECT t.c1,t.c2,c.name FROM test.csv AS t LEFT JOIN colors AS c ON (t.c1::int = c.id)"
1,Orange,orange
2,Melon,green
3,Apple,red

To create a table from a file, use "CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT...".

trdsql -driver postgres -dns "dbname=test" "CREATE TABLE fruits (id, name) AS SELECT c1::int, c2 FROM fruits.csv "

$ psql -c "SELECT * FROM fruits;"
 id |  name  
----+--------
  1 | Orange
  2 | Melon
  3 | Apple
(3 rows)

When using MySQL, specify mysql for driver and connection information for dsn.

$ trdsql -driver mysql -dsn "user:password@/test" "SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(c2 ORDER BY c2 DESC) FROM testdata/test.csv"
"g,d,a"

$ trdsql -driver mysql -dsn "user:password@/test" "SELECT c1, SHA2(c2,224) FROM test.csv"
1,a063876767f00792bac16d0dac57457fc88863709361a1bb33f13dfb
2,2e7906d37e9523efeefb6fd2bc3be6b3f2991678427bedc296f9ddb6
3,d0b8d1d417a45c7c58202f55cbb617865f1ef72c606f9bce54322802

MySQL can join tables and CSV files as well as PostgreSQL.

The -a filename option parses the file and outputs table information and SQL examples.

$ trdsql -a testdata/test.ltsv
The table name is testdata/header.csv.
The file type is CSV.

Data types:
+-------------+------+
| column name | type |
+-------------+------+
| id          | text |
| \`name\`    | text |
+-------------+------+

Data samples:
+----+----------+
| id | \`name\` |
+----+----------+
|  1 | Orange   |
+----+----------+

Examples:
trdsql -db sdb -ih "SELECT id, \`name\` FROM testdata/header.csv"
trdsql -db sdb -ih "SELECT id, \`name\` FROM testdata/header.csv WHERE id = '1'"
trdsql -db sdb -ih "SELECT id, count(id) FROM testdata/header.csv GROUP BY id"
trdsql -db sdb -ih "SELECT id, \`name\` FROM testdata/header.csv ORDER BY id LIMIT 10"

Other options(-id,-ih,-ir,-is,icsv,iltsv,-ijson,-itbln...) are available.

trdsql -ih -a testdata/header.csv

Similarly, with -A filename option, only Examples (SQL) is output.

$ trdsql -ih -A testdata/header.csv
trdsql -ih "SELECT id, \`name\` FROM testdata/header.csv"
trdsql -ih "SELECT id, \`name\` FROM testdata/header.csv WHERE id = '1'"
trdsql -ih "SELECT id, count(id) FROM testdata/header.csv GROUP BY id"
trdsql -ih "SELECT id, \`name\` FROM testdata/header.csv ORDER BY id LIMIT 10"

You can specify driver and dsn in the configuration file.

Unix like.

${HOME}/.config/trdsql/config.json

Windows (ex).

C:\Users\{"User"}\AppData\Roaming\trdsql\config.json

Or use the -config file option.

trdsql -config config.json "SELECT * FROM test.csv"

sample: config.json

{
  "db": "pdb",
  "database": {
    "sdb": {
      "driver": "sqlite3",
      "dsn": ""
    },
    "pdb": {
      "driver": "postgres",
      "dsn": "user=test dbname=test"
    },
    "mdb": {
      "driver": "mysql",
      "dsn": "user:password@/dbname"
    }
  }
}

The default database is an entry of "db".

If you put the setting in you can specify the name with -db.

$ trdsql -debug -db pdb "SELECT * FROM test.csv"
2017/07/18 02:27:47 driver: postgres, dsn: user=test dbname=test
2017/07/18 02:27:47 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE "test.csv" ( c1 text,c2 text );
2017/07/18 02:27:47 INSERT INTO "test.csv" (c1,c2) VALUES ($1,$2);
2017/07/18 02:27:47 SELECT * FROM "test.csv"
1,Orange
2,Melon
3,Apple

Example of use as a library.

package main

import (
        "log"

        "github.com/noborus/trdsql"
)

func main() {
        trd := trdsql.NewTRDSQL(
                trdsql.NewImporter(trdsql.InDelimiter(":")),
                trdsql.NewExporter(trdsql.NewWriter()),
        )
        if err := trd.Exec("SELECT c1 FROM /etc/passwd"); err != nil {
                log.Fatal(err)
        }
}

Please refer to godoc and _example for usage as a library.

• psutilsql - A tool for querying system status in SQL.
• mdtsql - A tool for querying markdown tables in SQL.
• xlsxsql - A tool for querying Excel files in SQL.

• https://noborus.github.io/trdsql/index.html
• https://cn.x-cmd.com/pkg/trdsql#trdsql
• https://x-cmd.com/1min/trdsql#trdsql

MIT

Please check each license of SQL driver.

• SQLite
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL