FPGA Image Processing Module

This repository contains dozens of FPGA image processing modules implemented in Verilog along with their corresponding testbenches. These modules cover a wide range of functionalities from basic image processing to advanced computer vision algorithms.

Module List

1. Basic Image Processing Modules

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_bayer2rgb.v`	`bayer2rgb`	Bayer pattern to RGB color space conversion, supports RGGB, BGGR, GRBG, GBRG four modes
`tb_bayer2rgb_python.v`	`bayer2rgb`	Bayer to RGB conversion test integrated with Python verification
`tb_rgb2gray.v`	`rgb2gray`	RGB image to grayscale conversion
`tb_rgb2gray_high_perf.v`	`rgb2gray`	High-performance RGB to grayscale implementation
`tb_rgb2gray_sobel.v`	`rgb2gray` + `sobel`	RGB to grayscale followed by Sobel edge detection
`tb_gray_to_color.v`	`gray_to_color`	Grayscale image pseudo-color conversion
`tb_ycbcr_accuracy.v`	`rgb2ycbcr` + `ycbcr2rgb`	YCbCr color space conversion accuracy test
`tb_rgb2ycbcr.v`	`rgb2ycbcr`	RGB to YCbCr color space conversion
`tb_rgb2hsv.v`	`rgb2hsv`	RGB to HSV color space conversion
`tb_hsv2rgb.v`	`hsv2rgb`	HSV to RGB color space conversion
`tb_yuv422p_to_rgb.v`	`yuv422p_to_rgb`	YUV422 Planar format to RGB conversion
`tb_yuyv_to_rgb.v`	`yuyv_to_rgb`	YUYV format to RGB conversion
`tb_yv12_to_rgb.v`	`yv12_to_rgb`	YV12 format to RGB conversion

2. Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_brightness_contrast.v`	`brightness_contrast`	Linear brightness and contrast transformation (alpha/beta parameters)
`tb_gray_brightness.v`	`gray_brightness`	Grayscale image brightness adjustment
`tb_rgb_brightness.v`	`rgb_brightness`	RGB image brightness adjustment
`tb_white_balance.v`	`white_balance`	White balance adjustment

3. Spatial Filtering and Convolution Operations

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_mean3x3.v`	`mean3x3`	3x3 mean filtering
`tb_mean7x7.v`	`mean7x7`	7x7 mean filtering
`tb_mean9x9.v`	`mean9x9`	9x9 mean filtering
`tb_gauss5x5.v`	`gauss5x5`	5x5 Gaussian filtering
`tb_gauss9x9.v`	`gauss9x9`	9x9 Gaussian filtering
`tb_median3x3.v`	`median3x3`	3x3 median filtering
`tb_median7x7.v`	`median7x7`	7x7 median filtering
`tb_median9x9.v`	`median9x9`	9x9 median filtering
`tb_bilateral3x3.v`	`bilateral3x3`	3x3 bilateral filtering
`tb_bilateral5x5.v`	`bilateral5x5`	5x5 bilateral filtering
`tb_bilateral9x9.v`	`bilateral9x9`	9x9 bilateral filtering

4. Edge Detection and Feature Extraction

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_sobel.v`	`sobel`	Sobel edge detection operator
`tb_sobel_basic.v`	`sobel_basic`	Basic Sobel edge detection
`tb_laplacian3x3.v`	`laplacian3x3`	3x3 Laplacian edge detection
`tb_canny_simple.v`	`canny_simple`	Simplified Canny edge detection
`tb_canny_baby.v`	`canny`	Full Canny edge detection (using baby image)
`tb_emboss.v`	`emboss`	Emboss effect filtering
`tb_harris_corner.v`	`harris_corner`	Harris corner detection
`tb_harris_corner_standalone.v`	`harris_corner`	Standalone Harris corner detection test

5. Morphological Operations

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_erosion.v`	`erosion`	Erosion operation (supports black/white background)
`tb_dilation.v`	`dilation`	Dilation operation (supports black/white background)
`tb_binarize.v`	`binarize`	Image binarization
`tb_threshold.v`	`threshold`	Threshold processing

6. Image Transformation and Geometric Operations

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_mirror.v`	`mirror`	Image mirroring (horizontal, vertical, all)
`tb_homography.v`	`homography`	Homography transformation (identity, translation, scaling)
`tb_homography_enhanced.v`	`homography`	Enhanced homography transformation
`tb_remap.v`	`remap`	Image remapping
`tb_simple_barrel_distortion.v`	`simple_barrel_distortion`	Barrel distortion correction

7. Statistical and Histogram Operations

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_histogram.v`	`histogram`	Grayscale image histogram statistics
`tb_histogram_rgb.v`	`histogram_rgb`	RGB image histogram statistics

8. Image Fusion and Arithmetic Operations

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_image_arithmetic.v`	`image_arithmetic`	Image arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide)
`tb_gray_weighted_merger.v`	`gray_weighted_merger`	Grayscale image weighted fusion
`tb_rgb_weighted_merger.v`	`rgb_weighted_merger`	RGB image weighted fusion
`tb_rgb_merger.v`	`rgb_merger`	RGB image merging
`tb_rgb_extractor.v`	`rgb_extractor`	RGB channel extraction

9. Feature Descriptors

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_census3x3.v`	`census3x3`	3x3 Census transform
`tb_census7x9.v`	`census7x9`	7x9 Census transform

10. Mask Processing

Testbench File	Verilog Module	Function Description
`tb_mask_processor.v`	`mask_processor`	Image mask processing

Input File Format Specifications

PGM File Format Notes

Format Requirement: Must use P2 format (ASCII grayscale)
Comment Handling: If PGM files contain comment lines (starting with #), some tests may fail to load correctly
Recommendation: Use preprocessing scripts to remove comments, or use PGM files without comments

PPM File Format Notes

Format Requirement: Supports P3 (ASCII) and P6 (binary) formats
Comment Handling: Similar to PGM, comment lines may cause loading failures
Recommendation: Use preprocessed PPM files without comments

RAW File Format

Bayer pattern files use raw binary format
Requires correct image dimensions and Bayer pattern specification

Simulation Environment Differences

Different simulation environments may cause the following differences:

1. Timing Differences

Icarus Verilog vs ModelSim: Clock cycle precision and simulation speed may differ
VCS vs QuestaSim: Simulation accuracy and performance may vary

2. Floating-Point Operation Differences

Modules involving floating-point operations (such as color space conversion) may have precision differences across simulators
Recommendation: Use fixed-point operation modules for consistent results

3. Memory Management Differences

When processing large images, different simulators' memory management strategies may affect performance
Recommendation: Use appropriately sized test images

4. File I/O Differences

Different simulators may have varying support for file read/write operations
Recommendation: Use relative paths and ensure correct file permissions

Usage Recommendations

Simulator Selection: Recommended to use Icarus Verilog for functional verification, commercial simulators for timing analysis
Test Images: Use standard test images from the data/ directory
Output Directory: All output files will be saved in the output/ directory
Debugging: Enable VCD file generation for waveform debugging

Running Examples

# Compile and run a single test
iverilog -o tb_mirror.vvp tb_mirror.v Mirror.v
vvp tb_mirror.vvp

# Batch run all tests (requires script writing)

Module Dependencies

Most modules can run independently, but some advanced modules (such as tb_rgb2gray_sobel.v) depend on combinations of basic modules.

Performance Optimization

Modules using pipeline design have better timing performance
Large-size filtering operations use line buffer technology to reduce memory usage
Parallel processing architecture is used to improve throughput

License

This project is licensed under the Mulan Permissive Software License, Version 2.

Mulan Permissive Software License, Version 2 (English)

Mulan Permissive Software License，Version 2 (Mulan PSL v2)

January 2020

http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2

Your reproduction, use, modification and distribution of the Software shall be subject to Mulan PSL v2.

This software is provided on an "AS IS" basis, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including without limitation, warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the software is with you. Should the software prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.

In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify and/or redistribute the software, be liable to you for damages, including any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the software (including but not limited to loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a failure of the software to operate with any other software), even if such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: Mulan Permissive Software License, Version 2 (Chinese)

木兰宽松许可证，第2版

2020年1月

http://license.coscl.org.cn/MulanPSL2

您对"软件"的复制、使用、修改及分发受木兰宽松许可证，第2版（"本许可证"）的约束。

本软件按"原样"提供，没有任何明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于对适销性、特定用途适用性和非侵权性的保证。

整个软件的质量和性能风险由您承担。如果软件出现缺陷，您应承担所有必要的服务、修复或更正费用。

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FPGA Image Processing Module

Module List

1. Basic Image Processing Modules

2. Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

3. Spatial Filtering and Convolution Operations

4. Edge Detection and Feature Extraction

5. Morphological Operations

6. Image Transformation and Geometric Operations

7. Statistical and Histogram Operations

8. Image Fusion and Arithmetic Operations

9. Feature Descriptors

10. Mask Processing

Input File Format Specifications

PGM File Format Notes

PPM File Format Notes

RAW File Format

Simulation Environment Differences

1. Timing Differences

2. Floating-Point Operation Differences

3. Memory Management Differences

4. File I/O Differences

Usage Recommendations

Running Examples

Module Dependencies

Performance Optimization

License

Mulan Permissive Software License, Version 2 (English)

About

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Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 2 Commits
data		data
output		output
python		python
Dilation.v		Dilation.v
Erosion.v		Erosion.v
LICENSE.md		LICENSE.md
Mirror.v		Mirror.v
README.md		README.md
README_chs.md		README_chs.md
bayer2rgb.v		bayer2rgb.v
bilateral3x3.v		bilateral3x3.v
bilateral5x5.v		bilateral5x5.v
bilateral9x9.v		bilateral9x9.v
binarize.v		binarize.v
brightness_contrast.v		brightness_contrast.v
canny_nms.v		canny_nms.v
canny_simple.v		canny_simple.v
census3x3.v		census3x3.v
census7x9.v		census7x9.v
emboss.v		emboss.v
gauss5x5.v		gauss5x5.v
gauss9x9.v		gauss9x9.v
gray_brightness.v		gray_brightness.v
gray_to_color.v		gray_to_color.v
gray_weighted_merger.v		gray_weighted_merger.v
harris_corner.v		harris_corner.v
harris_corner_fixed.v		harris_corner_fixed.v
histogram.v		histogram.v
histogram_rgb.v		histogram_rgb.v
homography.v		homography.v
homography_enhanced.v		homography_enhanced.v
hsv2rgb.v		hsv2rgb.v
image_arithmetic.v		image_arithmetic.v
laplacian3x3.v		laplacian3x3.v
linebuffer.v		linebuffer.v
mask_processor.v		mask_processor.v
mean3x3.v		mean3x3.v
mean7x7.v		mean7x7.v
mean9x9.v		mean9x9.v
median3x3.v		median3x3.v
median7x7.v		median7x7.v
median9x9.v		median9x9.v
remap.v		remap.v
rgb2gray.v		rgb2gray.v
rgb2gray_faster.v		rgb2gray_faster.v
rgb2hsv.v		rgb2hsv.v
rgb2ycbcr.v		rgb2ycbcr.v
rgb_brightness.v		rgb_brightness.v
rgb_extractor.v		rgb_extractor.v
rgb_merger.v		rgb_merger.v
rgb_weighted_merger.v		rgb_weighted_merger.v
simple_barrel_distortion.v		simple_barrel_distortion.v
simple_bram.v		simple_bram.v
sobel.v		sobel.v
sobel_basic.v		sobel_basic.v
tb_bayer2rgb.v		tb_bayer2rgb.v
tb_bayer2rgb_python.v		tb_bayer2rgb_python.v
tb_bilateral3x3.v		tb_bilateral3x3.v
tb_bilateral3x3.vvp		tb_bilateral3x3.vvp
tb_bilateral5x5.v		tb_bilateral5x5.v
tb_bilateral9x9.v		tb_bilateral9x9.v
tb_binarize.v		tb_binarize.v
tb_brightness_contrast.v		tb_brightness_contrast.v
tb_canny_baby.v		tb_canny_baby.v
tb_canny_simple.v		tb_canny_simple.v
tb_census3x3.v		tb_census3x3.v
tb_census7x9.v		tb_census7x9.v
tb_dilation.v		tb_dilation.v
tb_emboss.v		tb_emboss.v
tb_erosion.v		tb_erosion.v
tb_gauss5x5.v		tb_gauss5x5.v
tb_gauss9x9.v		tb_gauss9x9.v
tb_gray_brightness.v		tb_gray_brightness.v
tb_gray_to_color.v		tb_gray_to_color.v
tb_gray_weighted_merger.v		tb_gray_weighted_merger.v
tb_harris_corner.v		tb_harris_corner.v
tb_harris_corner_standalone.v		tb_harris_corner_standalone.v
tb_histogram.v		tb_histogram.v
tb_histogram_rgb.v		tb_histogram_rgb.v
tb_homography.v		tb_homography.v
tb_homography_enhanced.v		tb_homography_enhanced.v
tb_hsv2rgb.v		tb_hsv2rgb.v
tb_image_arithmetic.v		tb_image_arithmetic.v
tb_laplacian3x3.v		tb_laplacian3x3.v
tb_mask_processor.v		tb_mask_processor.v
tb_mean3x3.v		tb_mean3x3.v
tb_mean7x7.v		tb_mean7x7.v
tb_mean9x9.v		tb_mean9x9.v
tb_median3x3.v		tb_median3x3.v
tb_median7x7.v		tb_median7x7.v
tb_median9x9.v		tb_median9x9.v
tb_mirror.v		tb_mirror.v
tb_remap.v		tb_remap.v
tb_rgb2gray.v		tb_rgb2gray.v
tb_rgb2gray_high_perf.v		tb_rgb2gray_high_perf.v
tb_rgb2gray_sobel.v		tb_rgb2gray_sobel.v
tb_rgb2hsv.v		tb_rgb2hsv.v
tb_rgb2ycbcr.v		tb_rgb2ycbcr.v
tb_rgb_brightness.v		tb_rgb_brightness.v
tb_rgb_extractor.v		tb_rgb_extractor.v

License

redpower1998/fpga_image

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FPGA Image Processing Module

Module List

1. Basic Image Processing Modules

2. Brightness and Contrast Adjustment

3. Spatial Filtering and Convolution Operations

4. Edge Detection and Feature Extraction

5. Morphological Operations

6. Image Transformation and Geometric Operations

7. Statistical and Histogram Operations

8. Image Fusion and Arithmetic Operations

9. Feature Descriptors

10. Mask Processing

Input File Format Specifications

PGM File Format Notes

PPM File Format Notes

RAW File Format

Simulation Environment Differences

1. Timing Differences

2. Floating-Point Operation Differences

3. Memory Management Differences

4. File I/O Differences

Usage Recommendations

Running Examples

Module Dependencies

Performance Optimization

License

Mulan Permissive Software License, Version 2 (English)

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