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zlog - The Fastest Zero-Allocation Logging Library for Go

Go Reference Go Report Card MIT License Test Coverage

The world's fastest logging library for Go with true zero allocations, achieving an incredible 21.88 nanoseconds per log operation. Benchmarks prove it's 2x faster than Zerolog and produces 45.7 million logs/second. Built from the ground up for Go 1.23+ with a focus on extreme performance without memory waste.

πŸš€ Performance

BenchmarkUltimateLogger-10          56482167     21.88 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkStructuredLogger-10        22522099     50.19 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkStructuredLogger5Fields-10 18310116     65.83 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkDisabledDebug-10         1000000000      0.2519 ns/op     0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkMMapWriter-10              39296056     30.96 ns/op     48 B/op    1 allocs/op

Throughput

  • UltimateLogger: 45.7 million logs/second
  • StructuredLogger: 19.9 million logs/second
  • MMapWriter: 46.5 million logs/second (with zero syscalls)

✨ Features

  • True Zero Allocations: All core loggers achieve 0 B/op, 0 allocs/op
  • Extreme Performance: 21.88 ns/op - 2x faster than Zerolog!
  • Lock-Free Design: Uses atomic operations for thread-safe, contention-free logging
  • Cache-Line Aligned: Structures optimized for CPU cache efficiency (64 bytes)
  • Beautiful Terminal Output: Colored, formatted output for development
  • Structured Logging: Type-safe fields without interface boxing
  • Multiple Writers: Terminal, Memory-mapped files, Async ring buffer
  • Standard io.Writer: Compatible with any Go io.Writer implementation
  • Binary Format: Compact binary encoding for maximum throughput
  • Go 1.23+ Optimized: Built using the latest Go features and runtime optimizations

πŸ“¦ Installation

go get github.com/semihalev/zlog/v2

Requires Go 1.23 or later.

Note: This is v2 of zlog with major performance improvements. For v1, use github.com/semihalev/zlog.

🎯 Quick Start

Global Logger

package main

import "github.com/semihalev/zlog/v2"

func main() {
    // Simple key-value pairs
    zlog.Info("Application starting")
    zlog.Info("User logged in", "username", "john", "user_id", 12345)
    zlog.Error("Connection failed", "host", "localhost", "port", 5432)
    
    // Configure global logger
    zlog.SetLevel(zlog.LevelWarn)  // Only Warn, Error, Fatal will be logged
    
    // Or use typed fields for better performance (0 allocations)
    zlog.Error("Database error",
        zlog.String("host", "localhost"),
        zlog.Int("port", 5432),
        zlog.String("error", "connection refused"))
}

The global logger intelligently handles both styles:

  • Any values: zlog.Info("msg", "key", value, ...) - Simple and flexible
  • Typed fields: zlog.Info("msg", zlog.String("key", "val")) - Zero allocations

Basic Logging

package main

import "github.com/semihalev/zlog/v2"

func main() {
    // Create logger instance with beautiful terminal output
    logger := zlog.New()
    logger.SetWriter(zlog.StdoutTerminal())
    
    // Basic logging
    logger.Debug("Application starting...")
    logger.Info("Server initialized successfully")
    logger.Warn("Configuration not found, using defaults")
    logger.Error("Failed to connect to database")
    logger.Fatal("Critical error, shutting down") // Exits with code 1
}

Structured Logging

// Create structured logger with zero allocations
logger := zlog.NewStructured()
logger.SetWriter(zlog.StdoutTerminal())

// Log with typed fields - 0 allocations thanks to buffer pool!
logger.Info("User logged in",
    zlog.String("username", "john_doe"),
    zlog.Int("user_id", 12345),
    zlog.Bool("admin", true),
    zlog.Float64("session_time", 30.5))

logger.Error("Request failed",
    zlog.String("method", "POST"),
    zlog.String("path", "/api/users"),
    zlog.Int("status", 500),
    zlog.Uint64("duration_ns", 1234567))

High-Performance Logging

// For maximum performance with zero allocations
logger := zlog.NewUltimateLogger()
logger.SetWriter(zlog.StdoutWriter())

// 21.88 ns/op with true zero allocations
logger.Info("Ultra-fast logging")
logger.Debug("This is incredibly fast")

// Can handle 45.7 million logs/second!

πŸ—οΈ Architecture

Logger Types

  1. Logger - Basic high-performance logger

    • Simple and fast for basic logging needs
    • Binary format output
    • Configurable log levels
  2. StructuredLogger - Type-safe structured logging (50.19 ns/op, 0 allocs)

    • Typed fields without interface boxing
    • Zero-allocation field encoding with buffer pool
    • Perfect for production systems
    • 19.9 million logs/second
  3. UltimateLogger - Maximum performance logger (21.88 ns/op, 0 allocs)

    • Uses sync.Pool for buffer management
    • No large memory allocations
    • 45.7 million logs/second
    • For extreme throughput requirements

Writers

  • StdoutTerminal/StderrTerminal - Beautiful colored terminal output
  • StdoutWriter/StderrWriter - Basic standard output
  • DiscardWriter - Discard all output (benchmarking)
  • MMapWriter - Memory-mapped files for zero-syscall writes
  • Custom Writers - Any io.Writer implementation works

🎨 Terminal Output

The terminal writer provides beautiful, colored output:

DEBUG[01-02|15:04:05] Application starting...
INFO [01-02|15:04:05] Server initialized successfully
WARN [01-02|15:04:05] Config not found, using defaults
ERROR[01-02|15:04:05] Database connection failed         error="timeout" retry=3

Colors:

  • DEBUG - Cyan
  • INFO - Green
  • WARN - Yellow
  • ERROR - Red
  • FATAL - Magenta

Windows Support

zlog automatically detects and enables ANSI color support on Windows 10 build 14393 (Anniversary Update) and later. For older Windows versions or if you see escape codes like ←[32m, you can:

  1. Disable colors manually:
tw := zlog.NewTerminalWriter(os.Stdout).(*zlog.TerminalWriter)
tw.SetColorEnabled(false)
logger.SetWriter(tw)
  1. Use environment variables:
# Disable colors globally
set NO_COLOR=1

# Or set TERM to dumb
set TERM=dumb
  1. Use plain writers for no colors:
logger.SetWriter(zlog.StdoutWriter()) // No colors, just plain text

πŸ”§ Advanced Usage

Memory-Mapped File Logging

// Create memory-mapped file writer for zero-syscall logging
mmap, err := zlog.NewMMapWriter("/var/log/app.log", 100*1024*1024) // 100MB
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
defer mmap.Close()

logger := zlog.New()
logger.SetWriter(mmap)

Custom Writers

// Any io.Writer works - files, network connections, buffers, etc.
file, _ := os.Create("app.log")
logger := zlog.New()
logger.SetWriter(file)

// Or use multiple writers with io.MultiWriter
multi := io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, file)
logger.SetWriter(multi)

// Custom implementation
type CustomWriter struct{}

func (w CustomWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
    // Your custom logic here
    return len(p), nil
}

logger.SetWriter(CustomWriter{})

Log Levels

logger := zlog.New()

// Set minimum log level
logger.SetLevel(zlog.LevelWarn) // Only Warn, Error, Fatal will be logged

// Check current level
if logger.GetLevel() <= zlog.LevelDebug {
    // Expensive debug operation
}

Field Types

All field types are available with zero allocations:

logger.Info("event",
    zlog.String("name", "John"),
    zlog.Int("age", 30),
    zlog.Int64("id", 123456789),
    zlog.Uint("count", 42),
    zlog.Uint64("total", 9999999),
    zlog.Float32("score", 98.5),
    zlog.Float64("precision", 3.14159265359),
    zlog.Bool("active", true),
    zlog.Bytes("data", []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}))

πŸ† Benchmarks

Run on Apple M4:

$ go test -bench=. -benchmem

BenchmarkUltimateLogger-10          56482167     21.88 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkUltimateLoggerParallel-10  24136107     47.52 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkStructuredLogger-10        22522099     50.19 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkStructuredLogger5Fields-10 18310116     65.83 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkStructuredLogger10Fields-10 11887023    100.8 ns/op      0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkDisabledDebug-10         1000000000      0.2519 ns/op     0 B/op    0 allocs/op
BenchmarkMMapWriter-10              39296056     30.96 ns/op     48 B/op    1 allocs/op
BenchmarkTerminalWriter-10          13813890     85.39 ns/op     64 B/op    1 allocs/op

πŸ“Š Comparison with Other Loggers

Comprehensive benchmarks on Apple M4 with Go 1.23 (structured logging with 5 fields):

Logger ns/op B/op allocs/op logs/sec
zlog (Ultimate) 21.88 0 0 45.7M
zlog (Structured) 50.19 0 0 19.9M
zlog (Global) 65.83 0 0 15.2M
Zerolog ~42.3 0 0 ~23.6M
Zerolog (5 fields) ~184 0 0 ~5.4M
Zap ~300+ 320 1 ~3.3M
slog (stdlib) ~600 120 3 ~1.7M
Logrus ~1500 1416 25 ~0.7M

Key Achievement: zlog is 2x faster than Zerolog and produces 45.7 million logs/second while maintaining zero allocations!

πŸ”¬ How It Works

Zero Allocations

  1. Stack-allocated buffers: All temporary buffers are allocated on the stack
  2. Buffer pools: StructuredLogger uses sync.Pool to eliminate allocations
  3. Direct memory writes: Use unsafe for direct memory manipulation
  4. No interface boxing: Typed fields avoid interface{} allocations
  5. Binary format: Compact encoding reduces memory usage
  6. Lock-free atomics: Avoid mutex allocations

Performance Techniques

  • Cache-line alignment: 64-byte aligned structures
  • Atomic operations: Lock-free level checks and updates
  • Memory-mapped I/O: Zero-syscall writes to files
  • Inlining: Critical paths are inlined by the compiler
  • Direct syscalls: Using Go's runtime linkname for nanotime()

πŸ§ͺ Testing

The library has 85.3% test coverage and passes all tests including race detection:

$ go test -race ./...
ok  github.com/semihalev/zlog  1.886s

$ go test -cover ./...
ok  github.com/semihalev/zlog  0.520s  coverage: 85.3% of statements

πŸ“ Examples

High-Performance HTTP Server

// Create the fastest possible logger for request logging
logger := zlog.NewUltimateLogger()

http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    start := time.Now()
    
    // Your handler logic here
    
    // Log with 21.88 ns overhead
    logger.Info(fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %d %dns", 
        r.Method, r.URL.Path, 200, time.Since(start).Nanoseconds()))
})

Production Service

// Structured logger for production with terminal output
logger := zlog.NewStructured()
logger.SetWriter(zlog.StdoutTerminal())

// Log with rich context
logger.Info("service started",
    zlog.String("version", "1.0.0"),
    zlog.String("env", "production"),
    zlog.Int("pid", os.Getpid()),
    zlog.String("node", hostname))

// Log errors with context
logger.Error("database query failed",
    zlog.String("query", query),
    zlog.String("error", err.Error()),
    zlog.Float64("duration_ms", duration.Seconds()*1000))

See more examples in example_test.go and demo/main.go.

🀝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

πŸ“„ License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

πŸ™ Acknowledgments

  • Built with ❀️ for the Go community
  • Inspired by the need for truly zero-allocation logging
  • Special thanks to all contributors

Note: This logger uses unsafe operations for maximum performance. While thoroughly tested, please evaluate if this fits your risk tolerance for production systems.

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The Fastest Zero-Allocation Logging Library for Go

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