Abstract
Extreme environments, marine hydrothermal vents, hot springs, hypersaline conditions, deep marine environments, extreme cold, extreme hot, extreme low or high pH conditions, and radionuclide-enriched sites are the residence of several genera of a distinctive bacterial population. Polyextremophiles as well as a polyextremotolerant bacterial population have their unique niche. During the course of time and evolutionary advancements, they develop special physiology, morphology, metabolism, and several other biochemical pathways. Due to their unique physiology and biochemical machinery, these extremophiles have tremendous potential for future research and industrial application in severe environmental conditions (such as Thermus aquaticus, Acidithiobacillus, Arthrobacter, Geobacillus, and several other genera). Traditional bacteriological methods of isolation, culture, and the study of colony morphology, genomics, and proteomics analysis in a lab are abstruse or unachievable for extremophiles. Metagenomics and metaproteomics are proven and convenient tools to understand their genetic, physiological, and biochemical makeup and optimization for their potential applications. These sets of culture-independent methods not only avoid hectic time-consuming traditional techniques but also help direct the extraction of knowledge of the presence and functionality of microbes in their functional and realized niche. The application of screening, cloning, and expression of genomic information can lead to the discovery of novel enzymes and other proteins for future research and industrial applications.
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Abbreviations
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- Taq DNA polymerase:
-
A DNA polymerase enzyme derived from the species Thermus aquaticus
- T/2:
-
Thermostability/half-life
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Majumdar, J., Moulik, D., Santra, S.C., Hossain, A. (2023). Extremophile Bacterial and Archaebacterial Population: Metagenomics and Novel Enzyme Reserve. In: Mathur, P., Kapoor, R., Roy, S. (eds) Microbial Symbionts and Plant Health: Trends and Applications for Changing Climate. Rhizosphere Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0030-5_20
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